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Jan 21, 2026Open Access
Cistanche tubulosa (CTE) aqueous extract is already employed as a botanical prescription drug for treating dementia in China. CTE, derived from dried C. tubulosa stems, is freshly prepared with sterile distilled water. CTE requires acute and chronic toxicity studies to ensure its safety in clinical applications. This study evaluates the safety profile of CTE through both in vitro and in vivo tests. Ames tests conducted on five strains of Salmonella typhimu...
Sep 16, 2025Open Access
Studies on the effects of pesticide mixtures on the nervous system have not been reviewed. The aim of this article was to systematically review the literature on neurotoxicity induced by a mixture of pesticides. The review was limited to mammalian, neurobehavioural, neuropathological and neuropharmacological studies; in vitro and in vivo and other biochemical studies were considered. Inclusion criteria were developed a priori to ensure consistent assessment of the studies. Only...
Jan 08, 2025Open Access
Infrared (IR) dyes, especially those within the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum, hold significant promise for in vivo visualization, due to their ability to access biological tissues and significantly reduce background interference from autofluorescence. Nanoparticles integrated with IR dyes have undergone extensive investigation regarding their pharmacokinetic behavior, including biodistribution patterns and clearance mechanisms. These nanoparticles exhibit a remarkable ability to prefere...
Sep 25, 2023Open Access
EDTA synthesized activated carbon derived from sawdust, was utilized as adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The adsorptive characteristics and elemental composition of this activated carbon were studied using SEM and EDX techniques respectively, the analysis revealed that SAC-EDTA contained 71.95% by weight of carbon contents which are requisites for the high adsorption capacity. The effect of initial metals ions concentration, adsorbent dose, cont...
Apr 26, 2022Open Access
This research was conducted to observe the teratogenic potential of S. polyanthum ethanol extract on morphology of fetal mice strain DDY. Thirty pregnant female mice were divided into 5 groups, normal group and treatment groups with dose 0.5; 5; 50; 500 mg/bw. The extract was given orally from 6th to 15th day of gestation. The results showed that the effect of S. polyanthum ethanol extract at a dose of 0.5 mg/bw did not cause resorption and external malformation. At a dose of 5 mg/...
Mar 31, 2021Open Access
The success in conservation and increase in number of nature reserves resulted in repopulation of wildlife across the country. Whereas areas which are not conserved experience deforestation and destruction of animal’s natural habitat. Both of these scenarios predispose mankind to the encounter of animals, some of which carry toxins and cause significant harm. This review dwells into the envenomation by organisms from the land and sea, excluding snakes which are discussed separately. Rapid recogn...
Mar 24, 2021Open Access
The tropics of Malaysia have plenty to offer when it comes to its biodiversity. In the animal kingdom, snakes play a crucial role and form a large component in the ecosystem, with human envenomation being a fairly common problem. From 1965 to 1971, there were 5203 reported cases of venomous snake bites throughout Malaysia, 18 of which being fatal cases. Symptomatology varies, ranging from mild local symptoms on one end of the spectrum to life threatening systemic manifestation on the other end. ...
Apr 07, 2016Open Access
Serious exposure to paraquat (more than 10 ml 20% paraquat) usually
results in death due to progressive pulmonary fibrosis. We report successful
treatment of an 83-year-old male who ingested 50 ml 20% paraquat and the follow-up
result after 19 months. Our successful treatment might due to early and enough
gastric lavage, superhigh dose of steroids and ambroxol, and early and long process
of blood purification. At follow-up, the patient’s general condition,
laboratory reports, pulmonary function,...
Jan 14, 2016Open Access
Smoke produced in cashew processing factories during roasting of the seed
contains toxic chemicals which have adverse health effects on workers exposed
to it. This study investigated the effect of cashew seed fume on lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, methemoglobin (Hi), carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) and sulfhemoglobin (SHb) in the blood of rats exposed to cashew seed fumes (CSF), via the dynamic
exposure system. Eighteen (18) male albino rats were used; they were divided into
three groups of six ...
Dec 22, 2014Open Access
Aflatoxin is the most potent toxic substances, these are the group of closely related mycotoxins produced by fungus i.e. Aspergillus flavus. Twenty seven isolates of A. flavus designated as Af-1, Af-2, Af-4, Af-5, Af-7, Af-9, Af-11, Af-12, Af-13, Af-15, Af-25, Af-28, Af-31, Af-33, Af-34, Af-35, Af-36, Af-37, Af-39, Af-40, Af-46, Af-47, Af-54, Af-55, Af-58, Af-59 and Af-60 were collected from different agro climatic conditions from chilies (Capsicum frutescence) samples. Random amplified polymorp...
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