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Mar 17, 2026Open Access
The mechanisms underlying accelerated cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remain incompletely understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that AD is a complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder in which oxidative stress plays a central role. Oxidative stress, often triggered by amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), leads to severe cellular damage and contributes to cognitive deterioration. This study investigated the effects of phenylethanoid glycosides (AIE ...
Mar 10, 2026Open Access
Introduction: Subthalamic nucleus Deep brain stimulation surgery (STN-DBS) is a treatment used for patients in the fluctuating and advanced stages of PD. For this, patients must meet specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the current neurological, neuropsychiatric status, and cognitive status of patients with PD for STN-DBS. Methods: A complete semi-structured neurological and neuropsychiatric interview, validated...
Feb 28, 2026Open Access
The neuroprotective efficacy and safety of Cistanche tubulosa extract (CTE) in reducing tauopathy levels were studied. However, evidence-based insights into how CTE enhances memory ability remain unclear. A total of 85 healthy volunteers (with MMSE scores ≥ 24, which is Normal/No impairment) participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Participants were assigned to one of three groups: Group A (600 mg CTE), Group B (300 mg CTE), or Group C (placebo), administere...
Nov 04, 2025Open Access
The reward and punishment system is one of the fundamental reasons why humans possess intelligence. In order for strong artificial intelligence software to have true intelligence, it must have an appropriate reward and punishment system. This article discusses the structure and functions of the reward and punishment system for strong artificial intelligence from the perspectives of programming and personification, as well as some important reward and punishment phenomena. On this basis, this pap...
Oct 16, 2025Open Access
The neonatal period, defined as the first 28 days of life, is the most vulnerable time for a child’s survival. According to the World Health Organization, nearly 2.3 million neonatal deaths occur annually, accounting for almost 47% of all under-five deaths globally. Despite global advances in maternal and child health, neonatal morbidity and mortality continue to pose serious public health concerns in sub-Saharan Africa, with Cameroon ranking among the countries with the highest neonatal mortali...
Sep 16, 2025Open Access
Studies on the effects of pesticide mixtures on the nervous system have not been reviewed. The aim of this article was to systematically review the literature on neurotoxicity induced by a mixture of pesticides. The review was limited to mammalian, neurobehavioural, neuropathological and neuropharmacological studies; in vitro and in vivo and other biochemical studies were considered. Inclusion criteria were developed a priori to ensure consistent assessment of the studies. Only...
Jul 08, 2025Open Access
Background and Clinical Significance: Peri-mesencephalic hemorrhage is a rare and benign type of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) defined by the presence of SAH in peripontic and peri-mesencephalic cisterns, with no aneurysm or other source of bleeding on angiography. Cranial nerve involvement is very rare and has been rarely reported in the previous studies. Peri mesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage (PMSAH) typically presents with benign clinical symptoms such as headache and nec...
May 29, 2025Open Access
Background: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) involves impaired venous drainage of the central nervous system. Myofascial trigger points (TrPs) in neck muscles may contribute to venous obstruction through direct compression and altered biomechanics. Dry Needling (DN) effectively deactivates TrPs and reduces muscle hypertonicity, potentially improving venous outflow. Case: A 40-year-old man with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis presented with worsening neurological symptoms...
Apr 17, 2025Open Access
Lithium has long been established as a first-line mood stabilizer in the treatment of bipolar disorder and treatment-resistant depression. In addition to its psychiatric applications, lithium has demonstrated neuroprotective properties through its influence on neurotransmitter regulation, neuroplasticity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Objective: This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of lithium’s role in mental health, focusing on its clinical efficacy, underlying n...
Feb 27, 2025Open Access
Introduction: It is revealed by biomedical studies that the autonomous nervous system mediates most clinical effects of acupuncture/moxibustion. Whereas, it is advantageous for the classical meridian system to instruct acupuncture/moxibustion by classifying the various acupoints into related meridians. Purpose: It was aimed to replace the classical meridian system with the consistent classification of both autonomous nervous functions and acupoint character ...
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