In May 2016, it was proposed by the US athletes of the National Basketball Association (NBA) on television that the nociceptive-sympathetic coupling be required for pain sensations. Later, it was demonstrated that, via the activation of sympathetic outputs directly by the nociceptive neurons in laminae I and V of the dorsal spinal horn as well as those in periaqueductal grey (PAG) of brain, it was completed the nociceptive-sympathetic coupling in vertebrates. In this article, for the evolutionary variations in both brain complexity and autonomic regulation in various animals, it is transformed this nociceptive-sympathetic coupling into more general forms for the evolutionary perspectives. Herein, it is classified the nociceptive-sympathetic coupling for pain sensations from the spinal cord as the somite nociceptive coupling, and the nociceptive-sympathetic coupling from PAG as the brain nociceptive coupling. Because of the wide presence of nociception in almost all vertebrates and invertebrates, such division of somite and brain nociceptive coupling makes it possible to demonstrate the presence of individual couplings in various animals including the primitive amphioxus, Drosophila and so on. In reverse, via evolution, the well-evidenced presence of somite nociceptive coupling in Drosophila supports the widely neglected nociceptive-sympathetic coupling for pain sensations at the spinal cord in vertebrates.
Cite this paper
Cai, Z. (2022). Somite and Brain Nociceptive Coupling in Evolution of Nociceptive-Sympathetic Coupling for Pain Sensations by NBA. Open Access Library Journal, 9, e8867. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1108867.
Cai, Z.-J. (2016) The Hypothetic Post-Sensory Nociceptive-Sympathetic Coupling Necessary for Pain Sensation from NBA. Journal of Neurology and Neuroscience, 7, 141. https://doi.org/10.21767/2171-6625.1000141
Cai, Z.-J. (2019) The Neural Pathways for the Hypothetic Nociceptive-Sympathetic Coupling of NBA for Pain Sensation. Open Access Library Journal, 6, e5780.
https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1105780
Lawson, S.N. (2002) Phenotype and Function of Somatic Primary Afferent Nociceptive Neurones with C-, Adelta- or Aalpha/beta-Fibres. Experimental Physiology, 87, 239-244. https://doi.org/10.1113/eph8702350
Haggard, P., Iannetti, G.D. and Longo, M.R. (2013) Spatial Sensory Organization and Body Representation in Pain Perception. Current Biology, 23, R164-R176.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.01.047
Todd, A.J. (2002) Anatomy of Primary Afferents and Projection Neurones in the Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn with Particular Emphasis on Substance P and the Neurokinin 1 Receptor. Experimental Physiology, 87, 245-249.
https://doi.org/10.1113/eph8702351
Basbaum, A.I. and Fields, H.L. (1978) Endogenous Pain Control Mechanisms: Review and Hypothesis. Annals of Neurology, 4, 451-462.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410040511
Mayer, D.J. (1984) Analgesia Produced by Electrical Stimulation of the Brain. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 8, 557-564.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-5846(84)90015-0
Roberts, W.J. (1986) A Hypothesis on the Physiological Basis for Causalgia and Related Pains. Pain, 24, 297-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(86)90116-8
Kobuch, S., Fazalbhoy, A., Brown, R., Macefield, V.G. and Henderson, L.A. (2018) Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity-Coupled Changes in Brain Activity during Sustained Muscle Pain. Brain and Behavior, 8, e00888. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.888
Guo, Z., Li, P. and Longhurst, J.C. (2002) Central Pathways in the Pons and Midbrain Involved in Cardiac Sympathoexcitatory Reflexes in Cats. Neuroscience, 113, 435-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00173-2
Craig, A.D. (1993) Propriospinal Input to Thoracolumbar Sympathetic Nuclei from Cervical and Lumbar Lamina I Neurons in the Cat and the Monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 331, 517-530. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.903310407
Cabot, J.B., Alessi, V., Carroll, J. and Ligorio, M. (1994) Spinal Cord Lamina V and Lamina VII Interneuronal Projections to Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 347, 515-530.
https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.903470404
Dembowsky, K., Czachurski, J. and Seller, H. (1985) An Intracellular Study of the Synaptic Input to Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurones of the Third Thoracic Segment of the Cat. Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System, 13, 201-244.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1838(85)90012-8
Spanswick, D., Renaud, L.P. and Logan, S.D. (1998) Bilaterally Evoked Monosynaptic EPSPs, NMDA Receptors and Potentiation in Rat Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurones in Vitro. The Journal of Physiology, 509, 195-209.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.195bo.x
Jiang, M., Alheid, G.F., Calandriello, T. and McCrimmon, D.R. (2004) Parabrachial-Lateral Pontine Neurons Link Nociception and Breathing. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, 143, 215-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2004.07.019
Sneddon, L.U. (2004) Evolution of Nociception in Vertebrates: Comparative Analysis of Lower Vertebrates. Brain Research Reviews, 46, 123-130.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.07.007
Dunlop, R. and Laming, P. (2005) Mechanoreceptive and Nociceptive Responses in the Central Nervous System of Goldfish (Carassius auratus) and Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The Journal of Pain, 6, 561-568.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2005.02.010
Smith, E.S. and Lewin, G.R. (2009) Nociceptors: A Phylogenetic View. Journal of Comparative Physiology A. Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology, 195, 1089-1106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-009-0482-z
Osugi, T., Okamura, T., Son, Y.L., Ohkubo, M., Ubuka, T., Henmi, Y. and Tsutsui, K. (2014) Evolutionary Origin of GnIH and NPFF in Chordates: Insights from Novel Amphioxus RFamide Peptides. PLoS ONE, 9, e100962.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100962
Martin, A.R. and Wickelgren, W.O. (1971) Sensory Cells in the Spinal Cord of the Sea Lamprey. The Journal of Physiology, 212, 65-83.
https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1971.sp009310
Yoshino, J., Morikawa, R.K., Hasegawa, E. and Emoto, K. (2017) Neural Circuitry That Evokes Escape Behavior upon Activation of Nociceptive Sensory Neurons in Drosophila Larvae. Current Biology, 27, 2499-2504.e3.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.068
Burgos, A., Honjo K., Ohyama, T., Qian C.S., Shin, G.J.-E., Gohl, D.M., Silies, M., Tracey, W.D., Zlatic, M., Cardona, A. and Grueber, W.B. (2018) Nociceptive Interneurons Control Modular Motor Pathways to Promote Escape Behavior in Drosophila. Elife, 7, e26016. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26016
Hu, Y., Wang, C., Yang, L., Pan G., Liu, H., Yu, G. and Ye, B. (2020) A Neural Basis for Categorizing Sensory Stimuli to Enhance Decision Accuracy. Current Biology, 30, 4896-4909.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.045
Sanders, J., Nagy, S., Fetterman, G., Wright, C., Treinin, M. and Biron, D. (2013) The Caenorhabditis elegans Interneuron ALA Is (Also) a High-Threshold Mechanosensor. BMC Neuroscience, 14, Article No. 156.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2202-14-156
