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Jul 08, 2025Open Access
Background and Clinical Significance: Peri-mesencephalic hemorrhage is a rare and benign type of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) defined by the presence of SAH in peripontic and peri-mesencephalic cisterns, with no aneurysm or other source of bleeding on angiography. Cranial nerve involvement is very rare and has been rarely reported in the previous studies. Peri mesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage (PMSAH) typically presents with benign clinical symptoms such as headache and nec...
May 29, 2025Open Access
Background: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) involves impaired venous drainage of the central nervous system. Myofascial trigger points (TrPs) in neck muscles may contribute to venous obstruction through direct compression and altered biomechanics. Dry Needling (DN) effectively deactivates TrPs and reduces muscle hypertonicity, potentially improving venous outflow. Case: A 40-year-old man with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis presented with worsening neurological symptoms...
Apr 17, 2025Open Access
Lithium has long been established as a first-line mood stabilizer in the treatment of bipolar disorder and treatment-resistant depression. In addition to its psychiatric applications, lithium has demonstrated neuroprotective properties through its influence on neurotransmitter regulation, neuroplasticity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Objective: This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of lithium’s role in mental health, focusing on its clinical efficacy, underlying n...
Feb 27, 2025Open Access
Introduction: It is revealed by biomedical studies that the autonomous nervous system mediates most clinical effects of acupuncture/moxibustion. Whereas, it is advantageous for the classical meridian system to instruct acupuncture/moxibustion by classifying the various acupoints into related meridians. Purpose: It was aimed to replace the classical meridian system with the consistent classification of both autonomous nervous functions and acupoint character ...
Jan 08, 2025Open Access
Infrared (IR) dyes, especially those within the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum, hold significant promise for in vivo visualization, due to their ability to access biological tissues and significantly reduce background interference from autofluorescence. Nanoparticles integrated with IR dyes have undergone extensive investigation regarding their pharmacokinetic behavior, including biodistribution patterns and clearance mechanisms. These nanoparticles exhibit a remarkable ability to prefere...
Sep 04, 2024Open Access
Introduction: It is complicated for regulation of growth hormone (GH) secretion. Herein, it is considered the effects of slow-wave sleep (SWS) on GH secretion and related homeostatic aging, and their implications to other complicated GH secretions. Methods: It was best and most convincing to integratively review the literatures in various fields, especially the relationship among GH, SWS, aging, evolution, etc., and then discuss and summarize to deal with such a...
Oct 30, 2023Open Access
Dogs have a profound history of companionship with humans, evolving from utilitarian tools to cherished sentient beings deserving empathy and consideration. This study explores the transformation of society's perception of dogs from historical, scientific, and philosophical viewpoints. Objectives: This study sought to achieve three main objectives: 1) explore historical and cultural perspectives on dog sentience, 2) analyse scientific evidence supporting the concept of dog sentience, and 3) inve...
Jun 17, 2022Open Access
In May 2016, it was proposed by the US athletes of the National Basketball Association (NBA) on television that the nociceptive-sympathetic coupling be required for pain sensations. Later, it was demonstrated that, via the activation of sympathetic outputs directly by the nociceptive neurons in laminae I and V of the dorsal spinal horn as well as those in periaqueductal grey (PAG) of brain, it was completed the nociceptive-sympathetic coupling in vertebrates. In this article, for the evolutionar...
Aug 25, 2021Open Access
The long-term complications of COVID-19 and its management, and rehabilitation potential post-recovery remain poorly understood. Here we describe the case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome and subsequent neuro-rehabilitation outcome of a patient following an extended ICU stay with COVID-19 infection (and complications). Rehabilitation potential and mirroring research are discussed.
Jul 01, 2021Open Access
For the Freudian topographic theory of psychoanalysis, it has recently been supplemented the reticular noradrenergic (NA), serotonergic (5-HT) and acetylcholinergic (ACh) systems to demonstrate the differential regulation of unconscious/preconscious/conscious in waking and sleep, applicable to depression and anxiety. For the Freudian structural theory of id/ego/super-ego, it is keen to depict the personal social psychology with selfishness, applicable to schizophrenia. Herein, it is analogously ...
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