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May 29, 2025Open    Access

Exploring the Identity of Modern Chadian Architecture Amidst Evolving Living Environments and the Promotion of Sustainable Development, Focusing on the Example of N’Djamena

Sileimana Ahmed,Modjonda,Souaibou,Senoussi Ahmat Senoussi,Danwe Raidandi
An architectural tour of our rural areas around the world showcases unique expressions of cultural identity through our buildings, spatial layouts, and decorations, often overshadowed in urban environments; Chad is no exception. Authors present their strategies for promoting local identities. In Chad, the architect-urban planner Senoussi Ahmat Senoussi oversees the women of Gaoui as they enhance their techniques in earthen decoration. Also, the architect ROGER Boriata studied the variation of tr...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.12, 2025
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1113271


Apr 10, 2025Open    Access

Synthesis, Crystal Structure of Molecular Salts of 1-Phenylethanamine

Chenyu Ruan,Panyue Cao,Ziyi Zhang,Chengjun Jiang
Molecular salts, specifically 1-phenylethan-1-aminium 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate (1), 1-phenylethan-1-aminium 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate (2), and 1-phenylethan-1-aminium 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (3), were successfully synthesized. The structures of [C8NH12] [C8H7O4](1), [C8NH12] [C9H9O5](2), and [C8NH12...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.12, 2025
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1113289


Feb 05, 2025Open    Access

Effect of Surfactants on the Solubility of Atorvastatin Calcium

Gongyi Liang,Weijie Sun,Ziwei Ai,Jupeng Liu,Chenyu Ruan,Chengjun Jiang
Atorvastatin calcium (ATC) is a widely prescribed synthetic cholesterol-lowering agent classified as BCS class II. This study aimed to investigate the solubility of ATC in a methanol-water mixture, which was illustrated through a ternary phase diagram. Additionally, the influence of varying concentrations of Tween 20 on the solubility of ATC in this aqueous methanol mixture was examined. ATC exhibits maximum solubility in pure methanol, and the incorporation of surf...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.12, 2025
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1112613


Dec 12, 2024Open    Access

Rapid PVT Model Improvement Using Risk Analysis Technique in Gas Condensate Reservoirs

Seyyed Mahdia Motahhari,Amir Bagherian,Mohammad Amin Safarzadeh
A realistic model of reservoir fluid samples is essential before conducting reservoir simulations, especially for gas condensate reservoirs. Errors in PVT modeling typically stem from three main sources: fluid sampling, fluid property measurement, and fluid model construction. This work presents a rapid method for constructing a more realistic PVT fluid model before tuning. Three fluid samples from different Iranian gas condensate reservoirs were selected to achieve this. A suitable equation of ...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.11, 2024
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1112498


Dec 11, 2024Open    Access

Development of Eco-Friendly Composite Material for Pinewood Replacement Using Agricultural Waste

Praveen Kumar Tammali,Jens Schuster,Yousuf Pasha Shaik
The demand for wood products contributes greatly to deforestation, resulting in severe environmental effects. Each year, almost 18 million acres of forest are destroyed, which is equivalent to 27 soccer fields vanishing every minute. This rapid deforestation exacerbates climate change, habitat loss, and natural resource depletion. As a result, finding alternatives to traditional wood for building applications such as doors, windows, roofing, beams, furniture, and packaging is essential. This stu...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.11, 2024
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1112619


Oct 29, 2024Open    Access

Production of Olefins by Dehydrogenation of Propane over Fe Modified ZSM-5

Sultan M. Hadadi,Khalid M. Alshamrani,Abdullah S. Bajunaid,Abdulaziz M. Alosaimi
In this report, a simple method was employed to synthesize Fe/ZSM-5 for propane (C3H8) dehydrogenation. Fe of varying loading 1.5 - 3 wt% was with ZSM-5. Catalyst physicochemical properties were analyzed using XRD and FTIR. The XRD and FTIR characterization showed that the modified catalysts retained their crystallinity after metal impregnation. The performance tests for propane dehydrogenation to produce olefins over synthesized catalysts were carried out in a fixed-bed re...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.11, 2024
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1112358


Aug 26, 2024Open    Access

Oxidation of Acetone by CO2/H2O2 over MgO/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst in Liquid-Phase

Sultan M. Hadadi,Ahmed Aouissi,Dhaifallah Aldhayan,Ali Alharthi
This article reports the oxidation of acetone by H2O2 in the presence of CO2. It describes the role played by carbon dioxide on the course of the reaction. The reaction was catalyzed by (MgO/γ-Al2O3). The prepared materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TGA, TEM, and SEM. Analysis of the reaction products by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and gas chromatography showed that acetic acid was the main product of the reactio...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.11, 2024
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1112053


Mar 31, 2024Open    Access

Electrocoagulation as a Pretreatment of Electrooxidation for Killing Escherichia coli

Djamel Ghernaout,Noureddine Elboughdiri
Although the literature mainly reports on the inactivation of bacteria by various electrochemical disinfectants, the impact of process variables and reactor design on bactericidal performance is not fully understood. This review concentrates on recent achievements of electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO) in killing pathogens such as Escherichia coli. Lynn et al. [1] [2] showed that in addition to EC alone, EC-EO enhanced E. coli reduction only after pH adju...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.11, 2024
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1111271


Jan 08, 2024Open    Access

Preservative Additives in Food Products Sold in Dakar Markets: Frequency and Diversity

Alé Kane, Papa Amadou Diakhaté, Alioune Marone, Abdoulaye Tamba, Coumba Gueye Sagna, Mady Cissé, Amadou Diop, Modou Dieng
The use of food additives in industrial production has the advantage of improving sensory properties, technological quality and extending the shelf life of foods. Among the most widely used additives are preservatives, which were added to food products to inhibit, slow down or destroy various types of microorganisms. However, the strong presence of these additives on the market is not without risks for human health, and should be controlled to guarantee food safety. Analysis of the risks associa...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.11, 2024
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1111062


Oct 30, 2023Open    Access

Cocrystals of Enoxacin with Heptanedioic Acid: Preparation and Characterization

Linbing Huang
Enoxacin (EX), a third-generation fluoroquinolone, demonstrates broadspectrum antibacterial activities and is widely applied for the treatment of various bacterial infections. However, it is challenging to improve its antibacterial activity and drug resistance effects based on solubility changes owing to EX being categorized as a class II drug in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS). Based on improving the solubility of enoxacin (EX) to enhance the antibacterial activity in vitro, ph...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.10, 2023
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1110806


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