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Jul 20, 2026Open    Access

Acute Toxicity of Electronic Cigarette Refill Liquids in Aquatic Vertebrates: Comparative Responses of Fish Embryos, Fish Juveniles and Amphibian Larvae

Maria Carolina Talio, Yair Palavecino Taja, Fernando Ángel Giannini
The increasing use of electronic cigarettes has raised concerns regarding the potential environmental impact of e-cigarette refill liquids and their release into aquatic ecosystems. Despite their growing consumption worldwide, information concerning their ecotoxicological effects on aquatic vertebrates remains limited. In the present study, the acute toxicity of an electronic cigarette refill liquid was evaluated using different aquatic vertebrate models, including fish eggs (Danio rer...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.13, 2026
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1115615


May 22, 2026Open    Access

The Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Cu(II) Ions in Environmental and Industrial Samples

Todjiyev Jamoliddin, Turaeva Gulzoda, Turabov Nurmukhammat, Khayrullayeva Shahinabonu, Kholiyorova Rano, Tuliev Bekhruz
This review article summarizes and analyzes modern approaches to the ex-tractive spectrophotometric determination of copper(II) ions in natural wa-ters, ores, environmental, and industrial samples. The quantitative determi-nation of Cu(II) ions is of great importance for scientific and medical re-search, as well as for environmental monitoring. In recent years, numerous methods have been developed to ensure high accuracy, rapid analysis, and high sensitivity in their determination. Particular at...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.13, 2026
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1115367


Apr 17, 2026Open    Access

Pre-Concentration and Detection of Methylmercury in Soil

Soleh Blamah,Shuxia Xu
Methylmercury (MeHg) is an extremely dangerous and toxic organometallic compound that has been found to be persistent and recurrent in various compositions of the environment and is highly suspected to cause dangerous problems in ecosystems and public health owing to the accumulative and magnifying effects that it may cause in the food chain. Soil, one of the essential components for both the storage and partial release of MeHg, is a critical medium through which this compound moves within the e...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.13, 2026
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1114188


Mar 06, 2026Open    Access

Different Calcium Sources Used in HAP Reactions for Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater

Zizhuo Feng
The hydroxyapatite crystallization method (HAP) was employed as a phosphorus recovery technology to investigate the effects of different calcium sources on phosphorus removal and recovery from phosphorus-containing wastewater. The results indicate that when CaCl2 was used as the sole calcium source, NaOH was required to be added during the reaction to maintain an alkaline environment, resulting in a PO43--P removal efficiency exceeding 80%. When CaO was used as the sole calcium source, PO43--P r...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.13, 2026
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1114994


Dec 26, 2025Open    Access

Comparative Assessment of Proximate and Thermal Properties of Selected Biomass, Composite, and Fossil Fuels for Sustainable Cement Production

Idoko Edwin Ameh,Itodo U. Adams,Sha’Ato Rufus,Wuana Raymond,Abu Ann Ene
Waste is usually produced from man’s activities and Nigeria is ranked among the top producers of waste globally, which is mostly from food and agriculture. This study evaluates the suitability of several agricultural wastes (sugarcane bagasse, coconut husk, groundnut shell, sawdust, palm kernel shell and corncobs) a composite blend (equal weight fraction of sugarcane bagasse, coconut husk, groundnut shell, sawdust, palm kernel shell and corncobs agricultural waste biomass were blended), and conv...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.12, 2025
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1114592


Dec 05, 2025Open    Access

Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment of Soil Samples from Vicinities of Dumpsites in Residential and Selected Industrial Layouts in Benue State, Nigeria

Barnabas Orngu Mnenga,Adams Udoji Itodo,Isaq Shaibu Eneji,Nguamo Surma,Mark Aondoakaa Tseen
This study was undertaken to assess the ecological and human health risk assessment of soil samples from the vicinity of dumpsites in residential and selected Industrial layouts in Benue State. The physicochemical parameters of the samples, namely, pH, electrical conductivity,  ,  , hardness, and particle size for soil samples were investigated. Heavy metal concentrations were analyzed using AAS. SEM images of industrial waste soils show a regular assemblage of particles. The XRD resul...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.12, 2025
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1114558


Nov 28, 2025Open    Access

Seawater Evaporation Salt Production: Comprehensive Review and Optimization Strategies

Gilbert Ouma,Wilson Gitau,Ernest Odhiambo
Seawater evaporation is the predominant method for global salt production, supplying over 300 million tonnes of sodium chloride annually. This review systematically examines foundational principles, calculation methodologies, real-world loss mechanisms, advanced pond geometries and materials, hybrid solar concentrator integrations, process monitoring and automation, seasonal adaptations, environmental and economic considerations, policy frameworks, and future research directions. Expanding upon ...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.12, 2025
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1114280


Nov 18, 2025Open    Access

Environmental Radiation Exposure and Lifetime Cancer Risk at Lumoru Dumpsite, Western Kenya

Bilha Wanjala,Robert Wanjala Nyukuri,Horace Eyinda Kibe,John W. Makokha
This study quantified the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides 238U, 232Th, and 40K in soils from the Lumoru Dumpsite, Bungoma County, Kenya, using a NaI (Tl) gamma spectrometer. The mean concentrations were 7 ± 0.4 Bq/kg for 238U, 57 ± 2.0 Bq/kg for 232Th, and 25 ± 1.3 Bq/kg for 40K. From these values, the absorbed dose rate was estimated at 39 ± 3.4 nGy/h, the outdoor annual effective dose equivalent at 0.09 ± 0.01 m...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.12, 2025
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1114461


Jul 25, 2025Open    Access

Microplastics in the Environment: Sources, Detection Techniques, and Analytical Challenges

Veera Shakar Pulusu,Srikanth Chilamula,Aditi Holkunde,Rajesh Gunturi,Pradeep Vidiyala,Thirupathi R. Anekalla
The environmental concerns about microplastics are growing among scientists, policymakers, and the public. Plastic particles smaller than 5 mm are known as microplastics, and they come from a variety of primary sources, including personal care products and industrial abrasives. Additionally, they come from secondary sources like the degradation of larger plastics. A growing number of these particles have been found in soil, aquatic systems, and even atmospheric samples, highlighting the urgent n...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.12, 2025
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1113697


Jul 17, 2025Open    Access

Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Environmental Pathways, Ecological Impacts, and Regulatory Perspectives

Veera Shakar Pulusu,Srikanth Chilamula,Aditi Holkunde,Rajesh Gunturi,Pradeep Vidiyala,Sujith Raj Bashetty
A growing concern among the global population is the presence of Micro-plastics (MPs) and Nanoplastics (NPs) within various environmental compartments due to their pervasive, persistent presence. Through atmospheric, aquatic, terrestrial, and biological pathways, these particles enter and traverse ecosystems as a result of fragmentation of larger plastics and primary sources such as industrial abrasives and cosmetics. Since they are widely distributed, their presence in soil, freshwater, marine ...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.12, 2025
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1113696


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