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Jun 10, 2022Open    Access

Taxonomy and Characterization of Fungi Isolated from Cocoa Beans during Fermentation in Saf’s Agroforestry System in the Amazon

Mateus Cardoso Barros, Jeferson Santana Quadros, Magnun Antonio Penariol da Silva, Raquel Soares Casaes Nunes
Agroforestry systems (SAFs) are an alternative for sustainable development as they enable the recovery of degraded areas and reduce deforestation, contributing to breaking the cycle of traditional family farming, so common in the Amazon region, which enables the recovery of soils, the increase of organic matter and soil fertility. Cocoa beans are grown and fermented in SAFs. According to the research, the significant appearance of endophytic microorganisms such as fungi in the cocoa bean can ben...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.9, 2022
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1108825


Mar 25, 2020Open    Access

Biomass Char Steam Gasification in Fluidized Reactor Using Nuclear Heat

Abdelhamid Belghit
The energy resources diversification has been increased with the energy crisis, in particular, the renewable energies and optimal management have become essential in the context of sustainable development. The conventional auto-thermal gasification processes burn part of the carbonaceous compound in order to supply the energy necessary to enhance gasification reactions. This energy could be provided as well by a nuclear reactor of IV generation. The nuclear heat is transferred from the VHTR to a...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.7, 2020
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1106155


Jun 28, 2019Open    Access

Hypothesis on Remote Memory Forming from Heterosynaptic LTD-Mediated Neuronal Degeneration

Zi-Jian Cai
In this article, it is hypothesized a new mechanism for the formation of stable remote memory in brain comprising the important memory acquired during childhood and the common words in language. It has been demonstrated that the memory forms concurrently at both homosynaptic long term potentiation (LTP) and heterosynaptic long term depression (LTD). It is pointed out that the repeated LTD may result in neuronal degeneration as evi
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Open Access Library J.   Vol.6, 2019
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1105442


Feb 01, 2019Open    Access

Further Thoughts on Abnormal Chromatin Configuration and Oncogenesis

Gao-De Li
More than 30 years ago, we published a paper entitled as “Abnormal Chromatin Configuration and Oncogenesis”, which proposed the first hy-pothesis that links oncogenesis to abnormal three-dimensional (3D) genome structure. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that the 3D genome structure plays a major role in oncogenesis, which strongly supports our hypothesis. In this paper, further thoughts about our hypothesis are presented.
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Open Access Library J.   Vol.6, 2019
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1105185


Mar 26, 2018Open    Access

The Peripheral Hypotheses of Hypothalamic Aging

Zi-Jian Cai
It is well known that the hypothalamic changes in control of hormones determine the chronological sequence of aging in mammals. For decades, it has been demonstrated in humans that the hypothalamic nuclei manifest heterogeneity in degeneration during aging, with the neuron number decreasing in both the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the preoptic sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN-POA) in the process of senescence, while the neuron
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Open Access Library J.   Vol.5, 2018
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1104445


Dec 08, 2016Open    Access

The Advantage of Asymmetrical Handedness in Cooperation with Heartbeat: A Hypothesis from the Chinese Member of Satellite Group

Zi-Jian Cai
Recently, it was published the book “Electromagnetic Unification of Four Forces” (ISBN 978-3-659-76798-2), compiling the progressions in physics manifested in television, made by the world people while led notably by the author and the members in the world satellite networks from India, Zhejiang and USA. Besides these significant achievements, it has also been made many activities and achievements on neural sciences. In this artic
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Open Access Library J.   Vol.3, 2016
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1103253


Feb 03, 2016Open    Access

Regulation of Both Cell State and Gene Expression with Nutrient Gradient as Conserved Mechanism Differentiating the Cell Fates for Embryonic Gastrulation: A Theory

Zi-Jian Cai
In this article, it is newly suggested the regulation from nutrient gradient on both cell metabolic state and expressional gene classes as the conserved mechanism differentiating the cell fates for formation of the three germ layers of gastrula in animals. As a new theory, it is supported by the totipotency and pluripotency of early embryonic cells and cultured stem cells to be regulated by nutrients, as well as by the universal formation of nutrient gradient during gastrulation in various anima...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.3, 2016
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1102348


Jun 25, 2015Open    Access

Termination of Organogenesis as Intrinsic Constraint on Animal Development and Evolution: A Theory

Zi-Jian Cai
In this article, it is pointed out with integrative analysis that organogenesis manifests limitation in time and possession of termination, while infinite cell proliferation called as cancer and tumor is lethal. Besides, it is reversely demonstrated from a few notable constant outgrowing skin derivatives that termination is required for organogenesis inside the animal. Accordingly, it is suggested that the requirement for organogenetic termination would be the new intrinsic constraint for animal...
Open Access Library J.   Vol.2, 2015
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1101646


Jun 10, 2014Open    Access

Asymptomatic Anomalous Collateral Artery Derived from the Left Internal Thoracic Artery: Established Strong Collateral Circulation

Patrick J. Buchanan,Olga Malakhova
An anomalous collateral artery was found during the dissection for the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap procedure. This anomalous collateral artery was stemming from the left internal thoracic artery. It is believed that this collateral was formed secondary to congenital aortic coarctation causing abnormal growth of the left fourth aortic arch. This is the first reported case of such a collateral artery in recent literature.
Open Access Library J.   Vol.1, 2014
Doi:10.4236/oalib.1100581


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