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Feb 06, 2026Open Access
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is the most frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis worldwide, with significant morbidity and mortality in the absence of timely treatment. It is an immune-mediated acute inflammatory poly-radiculoneuropathy, usually triggered by infection. While the classical presentation is ascending symmetrical weakness with areflexia, atypical forms may mimic other neurological disorders and delay diagnosis. We report a rare pseudo-cerebellar presentation in a middle-aged man ...
Sep 18, 2025Open Access
Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a non-organ-specific disease. Cardiac involvement is present in 25% - 82% of cases and represents one of the leading causes of mortality. Materials and Methods: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a non-organ-specific disease. Cardiac involvement is present in 25% - 82% of cases and represents one of the leading causes of mortality. We included all patients with lupus who met at least four criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR...
Feb 13, 2025Open Access
Parental refusal of vaccines is a growing concern for the increased occurrence of vaccine-preventable diseases in children. Many studies have been conducted across the globe about why parents hesitate and are reluctant to vaccinate their children. The reasons for hesitancy vary among parents; studies have shown that there are 4 main reasons for hesitancy. These 4 categories are religious reasons, some personal thoughts, concerns about the safety of the vaccines, and the majority of the parents w...
Jul 21, 2023Open Access
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic and inflammatory skin disease and the most severe forms could strongly impact the patient’s quality of life. Skin barrier dysfunction is considered the first step in the atopic march. RNF31 deficiency significantly changes the skin structure and increases its thickness. The keratinocytes show decreased expression of K10 and loricrin. In this way, RNF31 deficiency alters the proper functioning of the skin by altering the homeostasis of keratinocytes. W...
Apr 28, 2022Open Access
miRNAs regulate a variety of target proteins and signaling pathways associated with epilepsy. We conducted a cross-sectional study of publications associated with microRNA in epilepsy in the past 10 years using bibliometric methods. Our results showed that the number of publications elevated gradually, peaking in 2020. Countries/institutions collaboration network showed that extensive international cooperation between countries existed and China published the most of papers in this field. USA, I...
Mar 18, 2022Open Access
Hyperuricemia is defined as the increase in uric acid when it exceeds its solubility limit, about 6.8 mg/dl. Persistent hyperuricemia causes diseases such as gouty arthritis, arthropathy, urolithiasis, and nephropathy. We present the clinical case of a 46-year-old patient with gout and persistent hyperuricemia; he presented cutaneous hypersensitivity to allopurinol and febuxostat and, for this reason, the patient stopped the treatment. After undergoing a 5-day new febuxostat desensitization prot...
Jun 04, 2021Open Access
Carotid cavernous fistula is an abnormal communication between the cavernous portion of the carotid artery and the venous bed of cavernous sinus with secondary increased pressure in the cavernous sinus leading to clinical presentations depending on the vascular and/or nervous structures involved in this injury process. The patient may present in the emergency room with proptosis, cranial nerve palsy, increased intraocular pressure, diplopia, decreased vision, and sometimes blindness in case of a...
Jan 14, 2020Open Access
A phenocopy is defined as a clinical non-inherited phenotype in an indi-vidual, with environmental induction, which is identical to the genetically determined phenotype of another. Until February 2017, the IUIS (Interna-tional Union of Immunological Societies) reported in its classification 354 innate immunity errors and a final group (classification table IX) with con-ditions that are not part of the innate alterations and are ca ...
May 20, 2019Open Access
Introduction: Primary immunodeficiencies are a spectrum of diseases that encompasses alteration of the innate and adaptive immune response. Isolated lymphocytopenia may be a manifestation of primary immunodeficiency, which is rarely considered as a diagnostic option by non-immunological physicians. Objectives: To conduct a brief review of the primary immunodeficiencies that are most frequently associated with lymphocytopenia in or ...
Aug 15, 2017Open Access
Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been targeted
as a cause of the increased incidence of allergic rhinitis. Many factors,
including sun exposure, influence vitamin D levels. Indonesia is a country with
abundant sunshine exposure throughout the year; therefore, Indonesian residents
are not expected to have inadequate vitamin D levels. Objective: This study
aimed to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency ...
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