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Dec 29, 2025Open Access
Hsi-sheng Chi’s 1976 English monograph *Warlord Politics in China, 1916-1928* was the first to systematically construct an analytical paradigm of “relation-culture” in the study of Beiyang warlord politics. This research broke away from the traditional class-based historical view and regarded the warlord group as a dynamically operating power balance system. Its core innovations lie in: 1) employing political science and sociological theories to deconstruct warlord factions, proposing three sust...
Dec 26, 2025Open Access
The article is a description of theories of origin, migration and development of the Luo people’s governing system of kingdoms and chiefdoms in South Sudan and Eastern Africa. The narrative aims to highlight the traditional beliefs of the historical background which will be led by three questions: who are the Luo people, and where did they use to live? What caused their separation and migrations and where have they ended up today? What kind of governing system controls their affairs today? The a...
Nov 11, 2025Open Access
Religion has been one of the platforms where either believing in the existence of the evil spirit, bad spirit that causes harm or trouble to general people, or purification, protection from such a spirit has been manifested for ages. Among the different religions of the world, Christianity, in its Holy Bible, also contains numerous references to the practices of Witchcraft, Sorcery, the occult, or Black Magic, where people attempt to gain knowledge of such practices to collect money and become w...
Aug 28, 2025Open Access
The Renaissance was a pivotal period in Western history, marked by the mutual influence and co-evolution of technological innovation and artistic production. This article employs a historical analysis, drawing on key case studies such as printing, perspective, improvements in painting materials, and the workshop model. The findings demonstrate that technological innovation empowered artistic creation; at the same time, artistic pursuits of expressive forms and market demand drove technological i...
Aug 26, 2025Open Access
Kansas City initially accumulated strength through trade, relying on its superior port conditions. After the first railway was built into the city, it entered a period of rapid urbanization, with a large number of people flocking to Kansas City in search of development opportunities. To meet housing needs, the government expanded the city scale multiple times. Population mobility and technological progress gave rise to frequent trading activities, which in turn drove economic prosperity and prom...
Jun 24, 2025Open Access
The twenty-first century has been a time of revival and disruption for decolonization movements. Movements such as #Rhodes Must Fall have ignited calls for the decolonization of higher education institutions and challenged the colonial legacy of academia, including the curriculum. As elsewhere in the world, higher education in South Africa is under pressure to reinvent and transform itself. Curriculum decolonization is one of the central issues in the reform of higher education in South Africa, ...
May 21, 2025Open Access
This study investigates Household Register Fraud in Imperial Examinations (HRFIE) and its institutional mechanisms within the Qing examination system, building upon Liu Xiwei’s foundational research. The analysis reveals how the Quota-Allocation-by-Region system and Native-Place Testing Principle, while designed to balance educational opportunities and maintain stability, paradoxically stimulated HRFIE through regional quota disparities, population mobility, and stringent registration constraint...
Mar 25, 2025Open Access
Briefly outline the historical background, development and evolution process of backpacks, as well as the importance and application of backpacks in different fields. Overview of research methods and structure of the article.
Mar 25, 2025Open Access
This paper examines the structural and institutional changes in Buganda during colonial rule from 1884 to 1900. It highlights how precolonial governance structures, cantered on the Kabaka (King) and a hierarchical system of chiefs, were modified to accommodate colonial objectives, including resource extraction and political control. The paper also analyzes the role of Christian missionaries in reshaping cultural and educational institutions, leading to the adoption of new religious and social no...
Oct 28, 2024Open Access
Soon, the edition will have the challenge of publishing the prompts of the authors. The theorem of Thales and the theorem of Pythagoras do not escape the rule, and they seem to have been preceded by several millennia. Asking the true paternity of those geometrical realities makes it possible to show that a * b = R2 according to the terms defined by the Theorem of the Circle or Theorem of Apollo stating the constant product of two segments of perpendicular tangents for a...
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