The increased advocacy for the consumption of vegetables such as spinach, kale and African nightshade to promote good health has led to the use of irrigation water polluted with industrial and household waste. Use of such water results in the vegetables being contaminated with PTEs like lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc. This study investigated the health risk assessment (HRA) of heavy metals (HMs), Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd from consuming vegetables grown along River Kabuthi in Nairobi City County, where...

Biochemistry 

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality. Although Mondia whitei has been traditionally used for its antidiabetic and antioxidant effects, scientific evidence supporting these claims remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Mondia whitei root extract in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rat model. Phytochemical screening of ...

Diabetes & Endocrinology  Biochemistry  Medicinal Chemistry 

This study investigated the diversity of zooplanktonic microcrustaceans in Lake Tison, a crater lake located in the High Guinean Savannah of Cameroon. Sampling was conducted on a fortnightly basis from November 2018 to January 2020. Physicochemical parameters were measured vertically at the center of the lake, from -0.5 m to -20 m. Organisms were collected from both the shoreline and the water column. During the dry season, the euphotic layer measured 7.07 ± 0.45 m, with cooler (23.46℃ ...

Biochemistry  Biophysics 

Background: Infectious processes are the leading cause of pediatric consultation, and recurrent or severe infections may indicate primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs), which comprise more than 484 rare diseases affecting the immune response. The nature and severity of infections depend on the component of the immune system affected, with defects in humoral immunity being a frequent cause of severe respiratory infections. Evaluation of blood immunoglobulin (Ig) levels is essential for the identifica...

Biochemistry  Microbiology  Immunology  Infectious Diseases  Pediatrics 

Due to the multiple diseases in the same patients, and the multiple medications they were taking, it was necessary to formulate medications containing two or more pharmaceutical substances to reduce the patient’s dosage and, as a result, reduce side effects. In this study aspirin and clopidogrel were formulated together in a pharmaceutical dosage form that ensures the chemical and physical stability. By wet granulation method as a first layer for clopidogrel as eduragit L100 as a polymer, which ...

Biochemistry  Medicinal Chemistry  High Polymer Chemistry  Biophysics  Physical Chemistry  Analytical Chemistry 

Fungi have been a source of great concern because they are perfect candidates for heavy metal bioremediation. The fungus with tolerance to the heavy metal was screened from the mining soil samples. The fungus was characterized as Aspergillus sp. Y9 based on the morphological and ITS sequencing analysis. Y9 exhibited high levels of resistance to cadmium and lead. Y9 was investigated for its miro-morphology and application in heavy removal with different concentration Cd(II) (0, 50,100 and 200 mg/...

Biochemistry  Bioengineering 

The Goldman Hodgkin and Katz equation (GHK) is regarded as a cornerstone in the field of biology. The GHK equation expands upon Bernstein’s hypothesis. Bernstein had originally employed the Nernst equation to validate his theory. Consequently, the GHK equation is also logically derived from the Nernst equation. Contemporary understanding in chemistry and electrochemistry conclusively indicates that the GHK equation contains fundamental flaws, as it deviates from the primary intent of the Nernst ...

Biochemistry  Biophysics  Cell Biology 

Background and objectives: Lupus nephritis is one of the most common complications of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, due to the accumulation of immunocomplexes of antigens and antibodies at the renal level. In the laboratory, serum anti-C1q antibody levels have become an important tool for monitoring and management of this disease. This study evidences the levels of anti-C1q as a marker of renal involvement in patients with SLE. Patients and methods: The study wa...

Dermatology  Biochemistry  Immunology  Rheumatology  Nephrology 

Objective: The aim of the present study is to assess the role of the level of change in gene expression of the HOTAIR molecule in breast cancer patients. Methods: An assay was conducted for the level of gene expression of the HOTAIR molecule in the plasma of 30 patients and 10 healthy controls, by performing the reverse transcription reaction RT-qPCR, gene expression was evaluated using the Livak equation, tumor characteristics (grade, HER2 receptors, hormonal (...

Oncology  Biochemistry  Cell Biology 

One of the sparkling features of either micro (subatomic) or macro (cosmic) attribute of cyclic or elliptical movement can be regarded a translational movement of golden ratio rated golden spiral theoretically. On the other hand, One of the specific the theoderous spiral shape (especially consisting of the square roots of many numbers) can even be regarded as translational movement or elliptical movement. Previously, the calculation method for the fine structure constant number ...

Biochemistry  Genetics