This paper explores causal inference through cognitive psychology, focusing on the dual-processing theory of the mind, which includes fast (System 1) and slow (System 2) thinking. It explains that our fast thinking, geared towards identifying causes, helps us survive but can also lead to incorrect causal inferences. The paper underscores the need for slow, deliberate thinking in accurately determining cause-and-effect, a challenging but essential approach. It outlines established methods for dev...

Artificial Intelligence  Psychology 

Increasing airborne particulate matter (PM) concentration in Kenya is an unfortunate consequence of rapid urbanization, coupled with a lack of strict implementation of air quality regulations. This has led to detrimental effects on human health, environment and local climate. To gain an indepth understanding of these effects, there is a need for a detailed characterization of PM in terms of abundance, sources, and properties, especially over the less characterized areas such as The Republic of K...

Atmospheric Sciences 

Background: Over time, the public sector has widely recognised the role of leadership as a crucial element of successful management. The public sector, including educational institutions, encounters difficulties in en-hancing employee motivation and satisfaction due to the absence of an established and efficient leadership style. Studies indicate that the leadership style demonstrated by a manager has a crucial role in positively impacting the motivation and satisfaction of empl...

Psychology 

Introduction: The general objective of this study is to identify the determinants of non-compliance with exclusive breastfeeding among breast-feeding women in the MBANDAKA health zone in the DRC. Method: This is a non-probabilistic, descriptive, cross-sectional study with an analytical aim. To carry out this study we used purposive sampling for the selection of statistical units. The sample size was 120 breastfeeding women followed in Preschool Consultations (CP...

Public Health 

The COVID-19 pandemic created a tremendous impact on the education sector around the globe through classroom shutdowns resulting from traditional face-to-face to Modular Distance Learning online with modules, radio, and television modes of learning has become the new Normal form of education. This study identifies the challenges experienced by parents and guardians in new Normal education and utilizes the phenomenological method with nineteen participants through purposive sampling. This study u...

Psychology 

With an emphasis on Groupe Scholaire Saint Leon Nyarusange and Groupe Scholaire Nsinda, Muhazi, this study investigated the relationship between socio-economic status and students’ performance in Rwanda’s nine-year and twelve-year basic education programs. A sample of 91 respondents was selected from the 921 students who made up the targeted group. The necessary data was gathered via interviews and questionnaires. The findings showed that although 9.4% of respondents disagreed and 5.8% strongly ...

Sociology  Educational Technology 

To explore the interannual variability and spatial distribution of extreme precipitation events on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, this study employs percentile threshold methods to determine extreme precipitation thresholds based on three-hourly weather data from 215 meteorological stations on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Additionally, extreme precipitation indices are calculated, and their spatial distribution characteristics are investigated. The main findings are as follows: 1) From 2005-2020, th...

Atmospheric Sciences 

The legal relationship between states participating in an international armed conflict (belligerents) and other states abstaining from it (neutrals) is governed by the law of neutrality, which lays out their respective rights and obligations with regard to the conduct of hostilities. Key players in the continuous shift from an industrial-based global economic order to one that is increasingly dominated by information services are satellite telecommunications, global navigation, and remote sensin...

Law 

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångström Exponent (AE) have become the most crucial metrics in assessing climate change. Despite this, studies related to AOD and AE are rare in Kenya. Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, the present study analysed the spatial and temporal variations of aerosol optical depth at 550 nm (AOD₅₅₀) and examined the impact of these variations on AE over eight selected towns in Kenya during 2001-2021. The findings indica...

Atmospheric Sciences 

With the national focus on the “double reduction” policy promoting holistic student development, the importance of labour education’s practical and theoretical skills has increased. However, the current curriculum lacks a comprehensive system, teaching teams, and extracurricular formats, hindering its effectiveness and students’ work abilities. This study aims to systematically explore labour education in Chinese primary schools, focusing on its ideological origins, professional advantages, and ...

Pedagogy