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Jan 06, 2026Open Access
This study utilizes an ordered probit model to analyze the determinants of sovereign credit ratings for East African countries from 2010 to 2022, based on ratings from major agencies. The findings reveal that the impact of various macroeconomic factors—such as GDP growth, GDP per capita, external debt, current account balance, inflation, and unemployment—differs according to the income level of each country. In high-income countries, GDP and the rule of law are the most significant determinants,...
Oct 15, 2025Open Access
This research investigates the interplay between transformational leadership and organizational culture within digital marketing teams, e-commerce platforms, and advertising agencies. Employing a thematic qualitative methodology, the study analyzes existing literature to identify recurring themes and patterns. Findings suggest that transformational leadership fosters a culture of innovation, adaptability, and collaboration, which are crucial for success in the digital landscape. The paper conclu...
Sep 12, 2025Open Access
This study investigates Business Model Innovation (BMI) as a critical determinant of competitive advantage in the English Premier League (EPL) from 2015 to 2025. Drawing on financial data, strategic initiative documentation, media analysis, and academic literature, the research employs a comparative case study of Manchester United, Manchester City, Liverpool, and Arsenal to examine how digital transformation strategies have reshaped performance outcomes. The analysis reveals significant disparit...
Jul 31, 2024Open Access
The increasing popularity of natural parks as tourist destinations presents economic benefits but also environmental challenges, necessitating a balance between conservation and visitor experience. This study in the Bicol region, Philippines, examines the relationship among resource conservation strategies, visitor experience, and satisfaction at natural parks governed by the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design and stratif...
Dec 16, 2022Open Access
This study is a preparation phase under the Tourism Assessment Process (TAP) in the Local Government Unit (LGU) of San Jose, Philippines, which gathered data on the destination’s internal and external environments using SWOT analysis. The collection of data was done through rapid rural appraisal where all concerned stakeholders were involved in the process of decision-making from analyzing problems and conditions, setting-up objectives, and identifying strategies to plan implementation. It was a...
Mar 23, 2021Open Access
This study described the Case of the Organization and Management of Bongabon Market Vendors Multi-Purpose Cooperative (BMVMPC). Specifically, it looked into the problems encountered of the Bongabon Market Vendor and analyzed how four Functions of Management contributes the problem of the Cooperative Market Vendor. This study used the descriptive-evaluative method and total enumeration for its sampling procedure. As to its findings, to ensure the respondents’ profitability and longevity, they “al...
May 24, 2018Open Access
This paper mainly adopts
the panel data of listed company in GEM from 2012 to 2016, with the threshold
panel model, Deeply
studying the influence of R & D investment intensity on enterprise
performance, and discovering that R&D
intensity has a double threshold effect on enterprise performance. When the
sustainable ability of research and development activities is lower than the
first threshold va ...
Oct 27, 2017Open Access
In today’s competitive environment, firms cannot
remain competitive without the implementation of proper innovations. There has
been a dramatic proliferation of research concerned with firms’ innovation, but few study has been done on
determinants of innovation, particularly in hotel industry. Therefore, the aim
of this study is to explore the main determinants of innovation applied in the
hotel industry and investigate the influe ...
Aug 19, 2016Open Access
Based on "Farmer-Supermarket Direct-Purchase" as the research background, with farmer, supermarket, logistics company as the main body of research, this paper combines with the thoughts of contract theory, introduces the concept of fresh-keeping contract of agricultural products. Then, using game theory to analyze whether to sign the fresh-keeping contract between the supermarket and farmer, supermarket and logistics company. The ...
Apr 27, 2016Open Access
This study seeks the strategy alternatives for continuous port competitiveness
of Busan port improvement in rapidly changing of environment in Northeast Asia shipping.
This study aims: 1) to compare port competitiveness of Busan and Shanghai port using
entropy weigh TOPSIS; 2) to seek ways to improve port competitiveness of Busan port.
After searching the related criteria on port competitiveness factors for analysis,
the main criteria are divided into two categories: port throughput (port throug...
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