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Mar 31, 2026Open Access
The equation describing the relationship between mass and energy has long been a subject of debate among physicists. One perspective holds that the mass of an object changes with velocity, referred to as relativistic mass, while another maintains that mass remains constant regardless of velocity, referred to as invariant mass. However, many experiments have shown that the concept of relativistic mass is required to explain experimental results. Moreover, when analyzed using Newtonian or classica...
Jul 31, 2024Open Access
This study compared Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and Optical Motion Capture (OMC) systems in measuring peak ankle angles and Range of Motion (ROM) during Countermovement Jumps (CMJ) and Lateral Skater Jumps (LSJ). Data during these agility movements were analyzed and the ankle angles in pitch, roll, and yaw for the IMU were determined using algorithms which integrated gyroscope data, aligned it with foot flat reference, and fused it with accelerometer-derived inclination angles using a comple...
Dec 01, 2023Open Access
Up to now, there is a long time problem that dot product has no corresponding division. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, indefinite dot quotients are introduced as extensive inverse operations of dot products, which solve the problem in 3-dimensional space that the quotient of a number and a vector on dot product does not exist from another angle. Some basic properties, and some expected operation properties, and two forms of geometric expressions and six coordinate formulas of ind...
Nov 28, 2023Open Access
This paper presents a meticulous analysis of the alterations in the human body’s center of gravity and static friction during movement. The objective is to comprehend the autonomous locomotion of the human body without external propulsion or tension. A wave theory model is proposed to elucidate the fundamental process of human motion on the ground. By considering one foot as a fulcrum, the other foot functions as a lever, generating torque and propelling the forward movement of the human body. T...
Jul 28, 2023Open Access
The Southwell model stands as a prominent algorithm within the realm of the least squares surface reconstruction, finding wide application. This algorithm boasts notable merits, including rapid computation and an approximation of the reconstructed surface that closely mirrors reality. Nevertheless, it is not without its drawbacks, as it exhibits substantial reconstruction errors and proves to be susceptible to the presence of noisy data. To enhance the precision of the reconstructed object’s thr...
Nov 30, 2022Open Access
In this paper, in order to solve the problem that cross product has no corresponding division in natural space, indefinite cross divisions are firstly introduced as the inverse operations of cross products, which solve the problem from another angle. Then a lot of basic properties of indefinite cross divisions are obtained, such as the Conversion Formulas between left and right indefinite cross quotients, and linear operation properties, where some are expected and some are special. Especially, ...
May 30, 2022Open Access
Studies concerning induced heat transfer by the condensation in forced convection of a thin film of a saturated vapor in medium porous, have received particular attention because of their numerous applications in various fields of technology. Thus, the presence of a layer of porous material on a plane wall generates an increase in heat transfer compared with that observed for a flat plate, subject to the same aeraulic and thermal conditions. This prompted us, given the large field of application...
Oct 21, 2021Open Access
This paper introduces a new way to calculate gravity force from mass total energy, instead of from matter of mass. By introducing total energy (E1 and E2) of the two objects into Newton’s gravitational theory, Newton’s gravitational formula can be modified from F = GM 1M 2/r 2 as F = GE 1E 2/(C 4r 2). E 1 and E 2 are the total energy of the two objects and C is the light speed. Then this formula can be furt...
Apr 15, 2020Open Access
Relativistic properties of a Lagrangian density are compared with those of a Hamiltonian density. It is proved that a Lagrangian density and a Hamiltonian density undergo different Lorentz transformations. This outcome is a theoretical element that has been unnoticed for a very long time. It is also proved that this theoretical element plays a crucial role in the structure of weak interactions theory. In particular, it is shown that the theory that uses this element is overwhelmingly superior ov...
Mar 05, 2018Open Access
The regularities of the motion of a one-dimensional
Frenkel-Kontorova dislocation in pure aluminum at helium temperatures are
studied. Computer simulation was carried out using the sine Gordon equation,
written in dimensionless variables. It is proven that when the transition to
dimensionless variables the discreteness of the model is preserved. The dependence
of the true values of stresses on ...
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