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Apr 21, 2026Open Access
The canonical affinity-threshold model of thymic T-cell selection posits that thymocyte fate is determined by TCR-pMHC integrated affinity. However, this model fails to explain high thymocyte deletion rates, diverse TCR affinities in mature repertoires, and precise CD4/CD8 lineage commitment mechanisms. We propose a novel Differential TCR Signaling Model wherein the functional TCR signal is a relative comparison: TCRβ signal strength relative to a dynamic TCRα-derived self-reference threshold (T...
Feb 03, 2026Open Access
The effectiveness of implementing vector control strategies for malaria is assessed by monitoring vector dynamics and their role in malaria transmission. This study was carried out between September 2016 and August 2017 in Kintele and Djoumouna, and in August 2019 in Djoumouna alone. The objective of this study was to identify the Anopheles species involved in malaria transmission, their dynamics over time, and to evaluate the entomological indices based on the types of bedrooms investigated. An...
Oct 11, 2025Open Access
Background and Objectives: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are immunoglobulins directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic components of autologous cells, reflecting the loss of immunological tolerance and having a multifactorial origin. This study relates antinuclear antibodies by ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) in patients attended at Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela 2022. Patients and Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted to relate antinuclear antibodies by ELISA and i...
Sep 28, 2025Open Access
Introduction: Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular junction disorder characterized by fatigability, muscle weakness affecting the oculomotor, bulbar, and skeletal muscles, worsening with exertion and resolving at rest. It is an autoimmune neurological disease that can be life-threatening due to respiratory muscle damage. Clinical Case: This is a 20-year-old male XL patient with no particular history who presents with muscle fatigue during exercise associated wit...
Sep 28, 2025Open Access
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by an excessive increase in heart rate upon standing without significant orthostatic hypotension. While recognized as a major autonomic dysfunction, its epidemiology and treatment patterns remain underexplored on a population level. This study utilizes two public health databases—the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)—to analyze demographic dis...
Sep 18, 2025Open Access
Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a non-organ-specific disease. Cardiac involvement is present in 25% - 82% of cases and represents one of the leading causes of mortality. Materials and Methods: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a non-organ-specific disease. Cardiac involvement is present in 25% - 82% of cases and represents one of the leading causes of mortality. We included all patients with lupus who met at least four criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR...
Aug 11, 2025Open Access
Background: Infectious processes are the leading cause of pediatric consultation, and recurrent or severe infections may indicate primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs), which comprise more than 484 rare diseases affecting the immune response. The nature and severity of infections depend on the component of the immune system affected, with defects in humoral immunity being a frequent cause of severe respiratory infections. Evaluation of blood immunoglobulin (Ig) levels is essential for the identifica...
Apr 11, 2025Open Access
Background and objectives: Lupus nephritis is one of the most common complications of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, due to the accumulation of immunocomplexes of antigens and antibodies at the renal level. In the laboratory, serum anti-C1q antibody levels have become an important tool for monitoring and management of this disease. This study evidences the levels of anti-C1q as a marker of renal involvement in patients with SLE. Patients and methods: The study wa...
Mar 17, 2025Open Access
Human Herpesviruses (HHVs) are a group of large DNA viruses that can establish lifelong infections in their hosts. They achieve this by switching between two phases: the lytic phase, where the virus actively replicates, and the latent phase, where the virus remains dormant but can reactivate later. A key factor in this process is microRNAs (miRNAs)—small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. In human cells, miRNAs play a crucial role in controlling various biological processes...
Jul 26, 2024Open Access
Introduction: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccines provided renewed hope in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. To promote extensive vaccination coverage, it is imperative to assess the inclination towards receiving vaccines and examine the influencing factors among healthcare workers (HCWs). This study evaluated COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among HCWs at a Teaching Hospital in Zambia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study wa...
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