An experiment was conducted to compare the forage yield and qualify of oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes (F-413, SGD-46, F-408, F-301, SGD-2011, SGD-3, SGD-37, SGD-40, SGD-5 and S-2000) at Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan during the year 2011 to 2012. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) having three replications and a net plot of size 1.6 × 5 m. The varieties were differed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in yield, growth and quality parameters. The variety SGD-40 produced significantly higher green forage yield (80.00 t·ha^-1) and dry matter yield (10.95 t·ha^-1) than other varieties due to taller plants (145.73 cm), more number of tillers (7.78 m^-2) and leaf area per plant (95.08 cm²). It also had the highest crude protein percentage (13.84%). Correlation analysis of quantitative and qualitative characters indicated the strongly positive association of green forage yield with dry matter, crude protein and ash content. While green forage yield was negatively correlated with the number of tillers per plant, keeping in view both forage yield and crude protein contents the genotype SGD-40 grown under the condition of Sargodha (Pakistan).

This experiment aimed to evaluate the ruminal degradability in situ of the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of Guinea grass silages. The experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments and six repetitions: Guinea grass silage, Guinea grass silage inoculated with 10% wheat bran, Guinea grass silage inoculated with 10⁶ cfu/g of strains of Streptococcus bovis JB1; Guinea grass silage inoculated with 10⁶ cfu/g of strains of Streptococcus bovis JB1 plus 10% of wheat bran; Guinea grass silage inoculated with 10⁶ cfu/g of strains of Streptococcus bovis HC5; Guinea grass silage inoculated with 10⁶ cfu/g of strains of Streptococcus bovis HC5 plus 10% of wheat bran. The silages inoculated with Streptococcus bovis and with added wheat bran resulted in higher values of ruminal degradability of DM, 32.76% and 32.17%, and of crude protein 38.28% and 37.89%. For the effective and potential degradability of DM, CP, NDF and ADF the highest values occurred for silages in these silages as well, in all passage rates. There is a similarity between the responses of Streptococcus bovis JB1 and the HC5, and the wheat bran enhanced the effectiveness of the microbial additive.

Aim: To review the supporting evidence for protein requirements in hospitalised adults, and compare the findings with commonly-used guidelines and resources. Methods: a systematic review was conducted based on a computerised bibliographic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL from 1950 to October 2011, as well as a citation review of relevant articles and guidelines. Studies were included if they were randomised clinical trials in hospitalised or chronically ill adults, comparing two or more different levels of protein intake. Information about study quality, setting, and findings was extracted using standardised protocols. Due to the heterogeneity of study characteristics, no meta-analysis was undertaken. Results: 116 papers were obtained in the search and 33 of these met all inclusion criteria. Five studies could not be obtained. The remainder reported outcome measures such as nitrogen balance, anthropometric measurements (including body weight, BMI, and mid-arm circumference), blood electrolyte levels and serum urea, which provide support for recommended protein intakes in various clinical conditions. The results were summarized and compared with current recommendations. Conclusion: high-level evidence to support current recommendations is lacking. The studies reviewed generally agreed with current guidelines and resources.

Varying levels of dietary crude proteins and balanced amino acids were fed to layers for a period of eight weeks starting from the twenty-sixth week of age of birds and six weeks into egg production. Effects on performance and haematological characteristics were investigated at this second phase of production. Sixty Black Nera hens were randomly allotted into four (4) dietary treatments, containing the following levels of crude protein 14%, 15%, 16%, 17% and the metabolizable energy was iso-caloric for each treatment. The results showed that there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) observed for lymphocyte, Haemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell (RBC) and White Blood Cell (WBC), these haematological parameters were within the range for healthy birds. Thus crude protein level of 14% can be used in diets of layers at the second phase of production provided that adequate amino acids are given, without adverse effect on egg laying, feed intake and measured blood parameters.