A relatively emerging subject called blended learning mixes conventional classroom methods with online instruction. Recent studies that look at the academic and social benefits of this teaching method have emphasised the usage of blended learning. Since it combines traditional and online teaching modes, the strengths of blended learning rest on both teaching approaches.？However, literature on the difficulties that English language instructors’ experience while implementing blended learning is still scarce. A process of in-depth critical analysis of existing literatures on blended learning is carried out. Hence, this paper presents the benefits and challenges of blended learning on tertiary education ESL classrooms along with the comparison of UTAUT？2 model.
References
[1]
Abd Majid, F., & Abd Rahman, S. B. (2021). Preparing Higher Education ESL Educators for the 21st Century: Relevant Teaching Strategies for the Millennials. In Teaching and Learning of English in the 21st Century: Perspectives and Practices from South East Asia (pp. 30-42). USM Press.
[2]
Abdullah, H. I., & Shah, P. M. (2014). Motivation and Attitudes towards Learning English among Undergraduates in National University of Malaysia (UKM). International Journal of English and Education, 3, 209-227.
[3]
Abou Naaj, M., Nachouki, M., & Ankit, A. (2012). Evaluating Student Satisfaction with Blended Learning in a Gender-Segregated Environment. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 11, 185-200. https://doi.org/10.28945/1692
[4]
Ahmed, N. A. A., & Eljack, N. S. A. (2020). The Role of Functional Grammar in Enhancing the Communicative Ability of EFL Learners from Teachers’ Perspective at SNCL/SELT. Journal of Linguistic and Literary Studies, 21, 52-59.
[5]
Akbarov, A., Gonen, K., & Aydogan, H. (2018). Students’ Attitudes toward Blended Learning in EFL Context. Acta Didactica Napocensia, 11, 61-68.
https://doi.org/10.24193/adn.11.1.5
[6]
Alam, S., Albozeidi, H. F., Salameh Al-Hawamdeh, B. O., & Ahmad, F. (2022). Practice and Principle of Blended Learning in ESL/EFL Pedagogy: Strategies, Techniques and Challenges. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 17, 225-241.
https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i11.29901
[7]
Albiladi, W. S., & Alshareef, K. K. (2019). Blended Learning in English Teaching and Learning: A Review of the Current Literature. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 10, 232-238. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1002.03
[8]
Aljaafreh, A. (2021). Why Students Use Social Networks for Education: Extension of UTAUT2. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 11, 53-66.
https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.1081
[9]
Aljaraideh, Y., & Al Bataineh, K. (2019). Jordanian Students’ Barriers of Utilizing Online Learning: A Survey Study. International Education Studies, 12, 99-108.
https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n5p99
[10]
Al-Mashaqbeh, I. F., & Al Hamad, A. (2010, May). Student’s Perception of an Online Exam within the Decision Support System Course at Al al Bayt University. In 2010 Second International Conference on Computer Research and Development (pp. 131-135). IEEE.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCRD.2010.15
[11]
Alowedi, N. A. (2020). Saudi Electronic University a Role Model in Implementing Blended Learning: Exploring the Experience of Female Students in the Department of English Language and Translation. International Journal of English Language Education, 8, 113-130. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijele.v8i1.16685
[12]
Alshehri, A., Rutter, M. J., & Smith, S. (2019). An Implementation of the UTAUT Model for Understanding Students’ Perceptions of Learning Management Systems: A Study within Tertiary Institutions in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Distance Education Technologies (IJDET), 17, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJDET.2019070101
[13]
Alvarez Jr., A. V. (2020). Learning from the Problems and Challenges in Blended Learning: Basis for Faculty Development and Program Enhancement. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15, 112-132. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1285361.pdf
[14]
Asare, A. O., Shao, Y. F., & Adjei-Budu, K. (2016). Adoption of E-Learning in Higher Education: Expansion of UTAUT Model. European Academic Research, 3, 13236-13259.
[15]
Astleitner, H. (2000). Designing Emotionally Sound Instruction: The FEASP-Approach. Instructional Science, 28, 169-198. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003893915778
[16]
Azizan, F. Z. (2010). Blended Learning in Higher Education Institution in Malaysia. Proceedings of Regional Conference on Knowledge Integration in ICT, 10, 454-466.
[17]
Azizi, S. M., Roozbahani, N., & Khatony, A. (2020). Factors Affecting the Acceptance of Blended Learning in Medical Education: Application of UTAUT2 Model. BMC Medical Education, 20, Article No. 367. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02302-2
[18]
Bakeer, A. (2018). Students’ Attitudes towards Implementing Blended Learning in Teaching English in Higher Education Institutions: A Case of Al-Quds Open University. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 8, 131-139.
https://doi.org/10.30845/ijhss.v8n6a15
[19]
Bamoallem, B., & Altarteer, S. (2022). Remote Emergency Learning during COVID-19 and Its Impact on University Students’ Perception of Blended Learning in KSA. Education and Information Technologies, 27, 157-179.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10660-7
[20]
Bonk, C. J., & Graham, C. R. (2012). The Handbook of Blended Learning: Global Perspectives, Local Designs. John Wiley & Sons.
[21]
Bukhari, S. S. F., & Mahmoud Basaffar, F. (2019). EFL Learners’ Perception about Integrating Blended Learning in ELT. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ), No. 5, 190-205.
https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/nmjf2
[22]
Butler-Pascoe, M. E., & Wiburg, K. M. (2003). Technology and Teaching English Language Learners. Pearson College Division.
[23]
Caner, M. (2012). The Definition of Blended Learning in Higher Education. In P. Anastasiades (Ed.), Blended Learning Environments for Adults: Evaluations and Frameworks (pp. 19-34). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0939-6.ch002
[24]
Chao, C. M. (2019). Factors Determining the Behavioral Intention to Use Mobile Learning: An Application and Extension of the UTAUT Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 1652. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01652
[25]
Cheung, S. K., & Wang, F. L. (2019). Blended Learning in Practice: Guest Editorial. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 31, 229-232.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-019-09229-8
[26]
Crabbe, M., Standing, C., Standing, S., & Karjaluoto, H. (2009). An Adoption Model for Mobile Banking in Ghana. International Journal of Mobile Communications, 7, 515-543.
https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMC.2009.024391
[27]
Cronje, J. (2020). Towards a New Definition of Blended Learning. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 18, 114-121. https://doi.org/10.34190/EJEL.20.18.2.001
[28]
Delmas, P., & Moore, P. (2019). Student Perceptions of Video-Based Discussions in Online and Blended Learning. In E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education (pp. 1280-1286). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
[29]
Dreyer, C., & Nel, C. (2003). Teaching Reading Strategies and Reading Comprehension within a Technology-Enhanced Learning Environment. System, 31, 349-365.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0346-251X(03)00047-2
[30]
Ehlers, U. D., & Kellermann, S. A. (2019). Future Skills: The Future of Learning and Higher Education (pp. 2-69). Karlsruhe.
[31]
Garrison, D. R., & Kanuka, H. (2004). Blended Learning: Uncovering Its Transformative Potential in Higher Education. The Internet and Higher Education, 7, 95-105.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2004.02.001
[32]
Goyal, E., & Tambe, S. (2015). Effectiveness of Moodle-Enabled Blended Learning in Private Indian Business School Teaching NICHE Programs. The Online Journal of New Horizons in Education, 5, 14-22.
[33]
Harun, H., Baharun, H., Mahir, N. A., Massari, N., Abdullah, H., Behak, F. P. et al. (2021). English Language Literacies—Practices, Competencies vs Demands in Academic Discourses: Literasi Bahasa Inggeris—Amalan, Kompetensi lwn Keperluan dalam Wacana Akademik. Jurnal Sains Insani, 6, 173-181.
https://doi.org/10.33102/sainsinsani.vol6no2.310
[34]
Hashim, H. U., Yunus, M. M., & Hashim, H. (2018). Language Learning Strategies Used by Adult Learners of Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL). TESOL International Journal, 13, 39-48.
[35]
Huang, C. Y., & Kao, Y. S. (2015). UTAUT2 Based Predictions of Factors Influencing the Technology Acceptance of Phablets by DNP. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2015, Article ID: 603747. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/603747
[36]
Hussein Alsowayegh, N., Jameel Bardesi, H., Ibrahim, G., & Sipra, M. (2019). Engaging Students through Blended Learning Activities to Augment Listening and Speaking. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ), No. 5, 267-288. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/call5.18
[37]
Islam, M. K., Sarker, M. F. H., & Islam, M. S. (2022). Promoting Student-Centred Blended Learning in Higher Education: A Model. E-Learning and Digital Media, 19, 36-54.
https://doi.org/10.1177/20427530211027721
[38]
Joksimovic, S., Kovanovic, V., Skrypnyk, O., Gasevic, D., Dawson, S., & Siemens, G. (2015). The History and State of Online Learning. In Preparing for the Digital University (pp. 93-122).
[39]
Jong, D., & Wang, T. S. (2009). Student Acceptance of Web-Based Learning System. In The 2009 International Symposium on Web Information Systems and Applications (WISA 2009) (p. 533). Academy Publisher.
[40]
Kiviniemi, M. T. (2014). Effects of a Blended Learning Approach on Student Outcomes in a Graduate-Level Public Health Course. BMC Medical Education, 14, Article No. 47.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-14-47
[41]
Lalima, & Dangwal, K. L. (2017). Blended Learning: An Innovative Approach. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5, 129-136. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.050116
[42]
Lawless, C. (2019). What Is Blended Learning.
https://www.learnupon.com/blog/what-is-blended-learning/
[43]
Lee, K. (2009). Gender Differences in Hong Kong Adolescent Consumers’ Green Purchasing Behavior. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 26, 87-96.
https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760910940456
[44]
Limayem, M., Hirt, S. G., & Cheung, C. M. (2007). How Habit Limits the Predictive Power of Intention: The Case of Information Systems Continuance. MIS Quarterly, 31, 705-737.
https://doi.org/10.2307/25148817
[45]
Macaro, E., Curle, S., Pun, J., An, J., & Dearden, J. (2018). A Systematic Review of English Medium Instruction in Higher Education. Language Teaching, 51, 36-76.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444817000350
[46]
Mirriahi, N., Alonzo, D., & Fox, B. (2015). A Blended Learning Framework for Curriculum Design and Professional Development. Research in Learning Technology, 23 Article 28451. https://doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v23.28451
[47]
Mohd Adnan, A. H., Abd Karim, R., Mohd Tahir, M. H., Mustafa Kamal, N. N., & Yusof, A. M. (2019). Education 4.0 Technologies, Industry 4.0 Skills and the Teaching of English in Malaysian Tertiary Education. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ), 10, 330-343.
https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol10no4.24
[48]
Moorthy, K., Patwa, N., & Gupta, Y. (2019). Breaking Barriers in Deployment of Renewable Energy. Heliyon, 5, e01166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01166
[49]
Morton, C. E., Saleh, S. N., Smith, S. F., Hemani, A., Ameen, A., Bennie, T. D., & Toro-Troconis, M. (2016). Blended Learning: How Can We Optimise Undergraduate Student Engagement? BMC Medical Education, 16, Article No. 195.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-016-0716-z
[50]
Muhtia, A., Suparno, S., & Sumardi, S. (2018, July). Blended Learning Using Schoology as an Online Learning Platform: Potentials and Challenges. 2nd English Language and Literature International Conference (ELLiC), 2, 171-175.
https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/ELLIC/article/viewFile/3531/3346
https://doi.org/10.22437/ijolte.v2i3.5744
[51]
Nguyen, T. D., Nguyen, D. T., & Cao, T. H. (2014). Acceptance and Use of Information System: E-Learning Based on Cloud Computing in Vietnam. In Linawati, M. S. Mahendra, E. J. Neuhold, A. M. Tjoa, & I. You (Eds.), Information and Communication Technology—EurAsia Conference (pp. 139-149). Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55032-4_14
[52]
Nurmasitah, S., Faridi, A., Astuti, P., & Nurrohmah, S. (2019, December). Students’ Perception toward the Implementation of Blended Learning for Teaching ESP in Faculty of Engineering. In 1st Vocational Education International Conference (VEIC 2019) (pp. 68-73). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.191217.012
[53]
OBrien, T., Foster, S., Tucker, E. L., & Hegde, S. (2021). COVID Response: A Blended Approach to Studying Sanitizer Station Deployment at a Large Public University. In 2021 Resilience Week (RWS) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
https://doi.org/10.1109/RWS52686.2021.9611795
[54]
Piccoli, G., Ahmad, R., & Ives, B. (2001). Web-Based Virtual Learning Environments: A Research Framework and a Preliminary Assessment of Effectiveness in Basic IT Skills Training. MIS Quarterly, 25, 401-426. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250989
[55]
Riel, J., Lawless, K. A., & Brown, S. W. (2016). Listening to the Teachers: Using Weekly Online Teacher Logs for ROPD to Identify Teachers’ Persistent Challenges when Implementing a Blended Learning Curriculum. Journal of Online Learning Research, 2, 169-200.
[56]
Schwab, K., & Davis, N. (2018). Shaping the Future of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: A Guide to Building a Better World. Currency.
[57]
Singh, M. N. (2021). Inroad of Digital Technology in Education: Age of Digital Classroom. Higher Education for the Future, 8, 20-30.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2347631120980272
[58]
Smith, K., & Hill, J. (2019). Defining the Nature of Blended Learning through Its Depiction in Current Research. Higher Education Research & Development, 38, 383-397.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2018.1517732
[59]
Stacey, E., & Gerbic, P. (2007). Teaching for Blended Learning—Research Perspectives from On-Campus and Distance Students. Education and Information Technologies, 12, 165-174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-007-9037-5
[60]
Tayebinik, M., & Puteh, M. (2012). Mobile Learning to Support Teaching English as a Second Language. Journal of Education and Practice, 3, 56-62.
[61]
Thorne, K. (2003). Blended Learning: How to Integrate Online & Traditional Learning. Kogan Page Publishers.
[62]
Tucker, K. L., Meyer, M., & Barde, Y. A. (2001). Neurotrophins Are Required for Nerve Growth during Development. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 29-37.
https://doi.org/10.1038/82868
[63]
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View. MIS Quarterly, 27, 425-478.
https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
[64]
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer Acceptance and Use of Information Technology: Extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. MIS Quarterly, 36, 157-178. https://doi.org/10.2307/41410412
[65]
Waheed, M., Kaur, K., Ain, N., & Sanni, S. A. (2015). Emotional Attachment and Multidimensional Self-Efficacy: Extension of Innovation Diffusion Theory in the Context of eBook Reader. Behaviour & Information Technology, 34, 1147-1159.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2015.1004648
[66]
Willging, P. A., & Johnson, S. D. (2009). Factors That Influence Students’ Decision to Drop out of Online Courses. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 13, 115-127.
https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v13i3.1659
[67]
Willis, R. L., Lynch, D., & Fradale, P. (2018). Operationalizing Blended Learning to the context: Towards clarity in implementation. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 4, 73-89.
[68]
Yeou, M. (2016). An Investigation of Students’ Acceptance of Moodle in a Blended Learning Setting Using Technology Acceptance Model. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 44, 300-318. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239515618464%
