Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an air-borne infection caused by the organism Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that can affect any organ though it commonly involves infection of the lungs. Given the nature of Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) that has various form of clinical manifestation, diagnosing EPTB remains a challenge. Background: This report discusses three cases of EPTB that posed diagnostic and management challenges. The first case presented as pleural effusion and TB was diagnosed on ...

Infectious Diseases 

A hypothesis is suggested that the fields associated with macroscopic bodies, such as classical electromagnetic and gravitational fields, acceleration field, pressure field, dissipation field, strong interaction field and weak interaction field, are the manifestations of a single general field. Using the generalized four-velocity as the four-potential of the general field, with the help of the principle of least action it is shown that each of these seven fields contributes linearly to the forma...

Modern Physics 

Background: One of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is lipid abnormalities. Objective: To determine the mean lipid levels and the prevalence of lipid disorders among patients attending outpatient clinics in Banjul, The Gambia. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Out-patient clinics of Royal Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital and Medical Research Council Laboratories in Banjul, The Gambia. Methods: Two hundred and eight consecutive patients with systemic hypertension on ...

Internal Medicine 

Background: GBS (Guillain-Barré Syndrome) is one of the most frequently seen acute polyneuropathy encountered in neurology practice and characterized by progressive motor weakness and loss of reflexes. Objective: The main objectives were to determine the incidence of Guillain-Barré Syndrome, distribution of paralysis and hospital outcome of patients within 60 days of admission. Material & methods: The records of all patients followed with flaccid paralysis to the surveillance sites in 11 thr...

Public Health  Neurology 

Mutation breeding by Ethylmethylsulfone (EMS) has several advantages: high mutation ratio, many mutated phenotypes and low destruction which has been widely applied for crop breeding. We traced to uncover the mutagenic effect of EMS to Huangzhou radish by observation on germination ratio, root length and agronomic traits in field after soaking radish seeds by different concentration of EMS. In aspect of low germination ratio and short root length, the growth of radish is inhibited as the increas...

Agricultural Science 

A discussion on how artificial machines with natural intelligence would be safe or not is made based on scientific, philosophical and theological arguments. The finite or infinite nature of the universe is discussed and the implications analyzed. The concepts of destiny and free will are considered, with implications on what it would mean to create an artificial consciousness and how it would be possible to give it or deny it its free will. Computer experiments are carried out based on cellular ...

Philosophy 

In this paper an Enhanced Bean Optimization Algorithm (EBA) is used to solve optimal reactive power problem. Stimulated by the diffusion of beans in nature, a novel swarm intelligence algorithm-Bean Optimization Algorithm (BOA) has been projected previously. In the domain of incessant optimization problems solving, Bean Optimization Algorithm has exposed a first-class performance. In this paper, an Enhanced Bean Optimization Algorithm is presented for solving optimal reactive power problem. In t...

Electric Engineering 

It is generally accepted that dark matter must be found throughout galaxies. The observed motion of stars demands that galaxies contain large amounts of dark matter distributed throughout according to a particular density function. However, it is argued in this paper that this assumed density function should apply to all matter in the galaxy, not just dark matter. This paper reasons that in a region where a strong concentration of visible matter is observed, an absence of dark matter ought to be...

Modern Physics  Theoretical Physics 

Background: The serum biochemical indexes are classic detection in clinical practice. Methods: In this study, for avoiding the risks of serious complications, high-cost in diagnosis of suspected coronary heart disease (CHD), the common biochemical indexes were detected from 68 eligible patients with suspected CHD. Treadmill exercises test (TET)-electrocardiogram (ECG) was measured during TET, and invasive examination of coronary angiography (CAG, golden standard for CHD diagnosis) was also perfo...

Cardiology 

A new variational method has been proposed for studying the equilibrium states of the interacting particle system to have been statistically described by using the density matrix. This method is used for describing conductivity electrons and their behavior in metals. The electron energy has been expressed by means of the density matrix. The interaction energy of two ε_kk′ electrons dependent on their wave vectors k and k’ has been found. Ene...

Computational Physics  Theoretical Physics