We discuss the nature of the redshift effect by assuming that the frequency and the speed of light decrease in time while it propagates from a stationary source of light relative to a stationary observer. This concept differs in a principal way from the modern model of the redshift effect, which states that the observed increase in the wavelength of emitted light from far-away objects is due to cosmological expansion of the universe. Precisely, an increase in the distance between a light source ...

Spectroscopy  Fundamental Physics  Dynamical System 

In this article, it is shown that if a particle is at rest and has some harmonic oscillation, then a traveling particle with a constant speed corresponds to a De Broglie Wave. In 1924, De Broglie proposed that particles of matter exhibit wave like behavior, the expression for which became fundamental in the creation of wave mechanics (quantum mechanics). The main equation for this is the Schrödinger equation, which in the case of free motion of a particle becomes the expression for the De B...

Particle Physics  Fundamental Physics  Quantum Mechanics  Theoretical Physics 

Presented is an exploration into the operation of the Universe that begins with a single assumption, an empirical proposition accepted by virtually all theorists. The article then builds on this assumption (a fundamental process of expansion) by applying and integrating three important laws of physics that 20th-century scientists overlooked—namely those detailed in Parts 1, 2, and 4 in this series of articles. They are, respectively, 1) “The velocity differential propagation of light,” which pre...

Cosmology  Fundamental Physics  Astrophysics