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Jan 06, 2026Open Access
This study utilizes an ordered probit model to analyze the determinants of sovereign credit ratings for East African countries from 2010 to 2022, based on ratings from major agencies. The findings reveal that the impact of various macroeconomic factors—such as GDP growth, GDP per capita, external debt, current account balance, inflation, and unemployment—differs according to the income level of each country. In high-income countries, GDP and the rule of law are the most significant determinants,...
Jun 13, 2025Open Access
This study examines the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors on sovereign credit ratings in Sub-Saharan African countries using LASSO and Random Forest models. Sovereign credit ratings, issued by major rating agencies, play a crucial role in determining a country’s borrowing costs and investment attractiveness. Traditionally, these ratings have been influenced by macroeconomic factors; however, recent trends suggest that ESG considerations are becoming increasingly relev...
Aug 18, 2023Open Access
Workers in Devki are exposed to several occupational hazards resulting in an average of three workers going on sick leave monthly. The management sought to reduce these incidences using a leading indicator through Safety Culture. Determining the safety culture was the main study objective. Independent variables were artefacts, espoused values and basic assumptions. The study made use of an analytical cross sectional design. The study population was 800 permanent employees from which a sample of ...
Nov 17, 2022Open Access
This study gives an assessment of the effectiveness of Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) at Sierra Mineral Holdings Limited in Sierra Leone. Specifically, this study focuses on the present environmental management accounting practices that have been adopted by the management and how risk is being assessed. The study made use of probabilistic sampling and uses a research design that caters to both primary and secondary data. The study made use of the mixed methods techniques that were der...
Jun 28, 2022Open Access
COVID-19 is the first major global pandemic in over 100 years. This is because the likelihood of such a pandemic occurring was extremely low and many of these businesses were reluctant to invest in control measures for such a catastrophic event. This paper investigates the role of enterprise risk management in business continuity and resiliency in the post-COVID-19 period. The COVID-19 pandemic has served as a wake-up call for many organizations around the world, as it has led to the discontinui...
Aug 21, 2020Open Access
China began a pilot application for environmental pollution liability insurance in 2008. Although implementation situations vary substantially in different regions in China, it is appropriate to test how much contribution pollution insurance may make to environmental risk mitigation and other factors. Based on an analysis of pollutant emissions and investment completed in the treatment of industrial pollution, we find that pollution liability insurance, both compulsory and voluntary, does not wo...
Aug 27, 2019Open Access
As a public infrastructure for integrated construction, the integrated pipe corri-dor can extend the service life of the road and save the urban ground space [1]. Rational distribution of integrated pipe corridors provides a strong guarantee for the sustainable development of the city [2]. In recent years, the integrated management of the corridor government and social capital cooperation (PPP) has been widely used in China, in th ...
Jul 22, 2019Open Access
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the stock market has experienced many outbreaks of bull market, and stocks have gradually entered the public’s field of vision from a small investment field. In the era of big data, how can investors make correct information from a large amount of in-formation? The choice becomes the most critical issue. This paper selects 17 listed companies in the coal industry in 2018 as th ...
Nov 23, 2018Open Access
By using the data of 2014 and 2015 about the 90 small and medium-sized en-terprises credit default and normal samples from a joint-stock commercial bank, this paper builds the credit risk assessment evaluation index system to the small and medium-sized enterprise of commercial bank. Based on the logit model, we make a test for the 30 enterprises of the testing samples. Finally, the evaluation model draws that the predicted probabi ...
Jul 24, 2018Open Access
With the further
development of large data and cloud computing in the network technology, the
Internet platform is intersecting with the financial industry. The Internet
financial platform had developed into the main body of the market economy, and
more and more enterprises finance through the Internet media. Network financing
is widely used by small and medium enterprises because it reduces the cost of
fi ...
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