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Jun 13, 2025Open Access
This study examines the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors on sovereign credit ratings in Sub-Saharan African countries using LASSO and Random Forest models. Sovereign credit ratings, issued by major rating agencies, play a crucial role in determining a country’s borrowing costs and investment attractiveness. Traditionally, these ratings have been influenced by macroeconomic factors; however, recent trends suggest that ESG considerations are becoming increasingly relev...
May 30, 2025Open Access
This paper explores the complex dynamics influencing the appreciation of parallel market rates in African nations amidst tight liquidity conditions. The research identifies key economic factors such as the scarcity of foreign currency, inflationary pressures, interest rate differentials, and speculation, which drive individuals and businesses toward parallel markets. Additionally, social dimensions, including public perception, increased informal transactions, and the role of remittances—are fou...
May 30, 2025Open Access
Background: Financial intermediation is the practice of linking an investor and borrower. They function as a third party, an intermediary aiming to meet the financial needs of both parties to mutual satisfaction. Financial intermediaries help consumers and businesses alike by offering services on a larger economy of scale than would otherwise be possible as such financial inter-mediation is very crucial in any economy. A financial intermediary serves two fundamental purposes, wh...
Mar 04, 2024Open Access
Sustainable development is one of the basic requirements of the Scientific Outlook on Development. It is a theory and strategy for the coordinated development of nature, science and technology, economy, and society. As an important province in northwest China, Qinghai has important industries such as energy, tourism, agriculture, and animal husbandry. The field has unique resource advantages, rich in mineral resources and unique natural scenery. As one of the country’s important regional economi...
Feb 29, 2024Open Access
Logistics service connects various fields of social and economic activities and is one of the industries with high energy consumption and carbon emissions. The carbon peaking target and carbon neutrality target will force the low-carbon transformation of China’s economy. In order to achieve the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”, the logistics industry is facing the pressure of green transformation. However, green logistics is a new logistics concept produced under the background of ...
Dec 21, 2023Open Access
This article investigates the impact of Chinese activities in sub-Saharan African countries with respect to the growth performance of economies in that region using Tanzania as a case study. To build their economies, these countries have turned to China for support over the past few decades as the conditions attached to accessing loans from the West have become increasingly unattractive. These inflows of FDIs from China, along with aid, grants, and trade agreements, have helped to open many Afri...
Aug 25, 2023Open Access
Zambia’s agricultural sector like many African countries is dominated by smallholder farmers living below the US$1.9 poverty line. Smallholder farmers are a very critical heterogeneous group in the global agricultural productivity as they supply sufficient food now and in the future. The Farmer Input Support Program (FISP) has continued to target the productivity of smallholder farmers to deal with poverty alleviation without consideration of farmers’ resources, incentives, aspirations, and capa...
Jul 31, 2023Open Access
The stock exchange and its performance are important indicators of the economic health of an economy. Electricity generation capacity supports industrialisation. National electricity distribution on the other hand, however, even when mediated with electricity imports to augment a low generation capacity, can complicate both manufacturing and non-manufacturing companies’ desire to operate in an economy which is attempting to industrialise. This is compounded if generation is not matched to consum...
May 16, 2023Open Access
Based on the data of 9 provinces (autonomous regions) in the Yellow River Basin from 2012-2021, we analyze the current situation of economic development and ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin from two dimensions: overall and by province. Based on the in-depth analysis of the current situation, we suggest three aspects of policy, industry and ecology: First, strengthening policy support and optimizing coordinated development mechanism; second, optimizing industrial layout and promot...
Apr 28, 2023Open Access
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the most common indicator used to measure economic growth. It is calculated by adding up all the expenditures in an economy from production, consumption, and government spending. This common indicator is still used by mainstream economists. However, it has been shown that this indicator does not accurately represent economic growth because it fails to consider many additional factors including diminishing industries and services, inadequate income distribution...
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