Introduction: Out of fifteen countries that have the highest death rate from clinical pneumonia in children younger than five-year-old, Ethiopia ranks as number four in the world. Regardless of this fact, efforts to identify determinants of pneumonia have been limited in Ethiopia. This study identifies the risk factors of pneumonia in children aged two months to five years in urban areas of Oromia Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Methods: The researchers used an institutional-based unmatched case ...

Public Health  Epidemiology  Pediatrics  Pathology 

One of the most common abdominal emergency situations which requires operation is acute apendicitis. The obstruction of the lumen is the primary cause of acute appendicitis and some unusual factors such as a carcinoid tumor may be involved in the pathogenesis. This rare tumor describes a 16-year-old girl presented with an abdominal pain which had a clinical presentation that was not different compared with the usual form of appendicitis and was diagnosed via the investigation of the appendectomy...

Psychiatry & Psychology  Oncology  Pediatrics  Surgery & Surgical Specialties 

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and functional results of two surgical treatments of patellar dislocation in children. Material and Methods: A prospective study was undertaken from January 1995 to December 2009. Pre-postoperatively, the clinical and roentgenographic examinations were performed. Patellar dislocation was classified according to Bensahel’s criteria. There were two surgical techniques performed: 1) the iliotibial tract passing through patella (ITT), and 2) transferring vastus me...

Orthopedics  Pediatrics 

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disease which has a set of characteristics that result in delays of basic motor skills. Physiotherapy aims to reduce delays in gross and fine motor skills. It also aims to prevent joint instabilities and deformities of the bones. A feature that has drawn the attention of therapists includes virtual reality as a method of rehabilitation. The goal of this study is to analyze the degree of effectiveness of the usage of the game in the rehabilitation of patients with ...

Pediatrics  Kinesiology 

Introduction: Neonatal mortality is an obstacle to the continued step down of under-five mortality and the attainment of the Millennium Development Goal four. In Ethiopia, the neonatal mortality rate is decreased from 49 in 2000 to 39 deaths per 1000 live births in 2005, remaining stable at 37 deaths per 1000 live births in 2011 accounting for about 42% of under-five mortality. The aim of the study was to identify determinants of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia. Methods: Unmatched case-control st...

Public Health  Pediatrics 

Spigelian hernia (SH) is an uncommon surgical entity in children and rare in adults. Due to various reasons, spigelian hernia can develop through defects in transversus abdominis aponeurosis. Usually spigelian hernia develops below the arcuate line of Douglus and rarely occurs at higher level. It poses a diagnostic dilemma for surgeon as there are no specific symptoms and signs. It comprises about 0.12% of all abdominal wall hernias. The spigelian hernia has been repaired by both conventional an...

Pediatrics  Surgery & Surgical Specialties 

Introduction: Intussusception is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in infant & toddler age group. Intussusception is the telescoping of one segment of bowel into the contiguous distal segment. Peak age incidence is between 2 months to 3 years of life. Objective of the study: To prove the efficacy of Ultrasound guided saline hydrostatic reduction, a non surgical, non radiation method in the management of intussusception in children. Mate

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Clinical Trials  Pediatrics 

Symptoms suggesting occurrence of otitis media (OM) in infants and young children are not always right. Objective: Assessment of those infants and children with symptoms suggesting otitis media. Patients & Methods: 113 infants and children were complaining of ear symptoms suggesting otitis media as well as 63 infants and children of same age and sex were not complaining of any of these symptoms suggesting otitis media, were fully investigated prospec

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Pediatrics  Otorhinolaryngology 

Continuous peripheral nerve blocks (CPNB) are gaining popularity in paediatric practice owing to its superiority over neuraxial blocks in terms of side effects. The advent of ultrasound and development of new materials have made CPNBs feasible even in children, facilitating early ambulation, effective and prolonged post-operative analgesia. The usual perineural catheter sets we have used are “ca- theter through needle” types. The inability to fix and locate the catheter position after threading ...

Anaesthesiology & Pain Management  Pediatrics 

Background: Diarrheal diseases are one of the top (major) leading causes of under-five morbidity, mortality and under nutrition in developing countries. In African countries including Ethiopia, each child on average suffers from five episodes of diarrhea per year while the two-week preva- lence ranges from 10% to 40% in different parts of Ethiopia. Objective: To assess prevalence and associated factors for the occurrence of diarrhea diseases among the under-five year’s children in Debrebirehan r...

Public Health  Epidemiology  Pediatrics