The increasing use of electronic cigarettes has raised concerns regarding the potential environmental impact of e-cigarette refill liquids and their release into aquatic ecosystems. Despite their growing consumption worldwide, information concerning their ecotoxicological effects on aquatic vertebrates remains limited. In the present study, the acute toxicity of an electronic cigarette refill liquid was evaluated using different aquatic vertebrate models, including fish eggs (Danio rer...

Environmental Chemistry 

Spiritual care occupations—spiritual direction and professional chaplaincy chief among them—occupy a professional jurisdiction whose cognitive foundation is not a body of techniques but an ontological commitment: the claim that the phenomena they address (vocation, discernment, encounter, the experience of being addressed by something exceeding the self) are real in a manner not exhaustively reducible to intrapsychic process. Drawing on Abbott’s theory of professional jurisdiction and DiMaggio a...

Sociology 

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is an aggressive form of dental caries affecting the primary dentition of preschool children. The consequences of ECC extend far beyond the oral cavity and impact the child’s general health and well-being. Parents’ quality of life is also affected, particularly because of daily stress, feelings of guilt regarding their child’s health status, and the professional and financial constraints related to dental care. The aim of this study was to describe the effects of Ear...

Dentistry 

The geometric integrity of the fusion zone (FZ) is a critical determinant of weld quality in Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding. This study presents a comparative analysis of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for modeling and predicting FZ width geometry in AISI 1020 mild steel weldments. Experiments were conducted using a Central Composite Design (CCD) comprising 30 runs, varying current, voltage, travel speed, and gas flow rate. A quadratic regression model ...

Materials Engineering 

Against the backdrop of deepening economic and trade cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative and the accelerated transformation of international Chinese language education, special-purpose business Chinese oriented toward cross-border trade is plagued by prominent drawbacks including disconnection between teaching content and practical business scenarios, high learning costs, insufficient multilingual support and lack of personalized learning services. Powered by its capabilities in conte...

Literature 

The Old Man and the Sea, as Hemingway’s peak work, has been interpreted from the perspectives of heroism, symbolism or metaphorical interpretation, but Santiago’s “oldness” has been rarely studied even neglected. Under the framework of Age Studies, this thesis focuses on the “decline narrative” in this novella to reveal the triple decline: Santiago’s aging body, Hemingway’s waning writing talent, and Spain’s fading empire power. The intertwining decline narratives deconstruct the s...

Literature 

Part-of-speech conversion is one of the core techniques in the translation of petroleum scientific and technical English. In the context of petroleum technical texts, English and Chinese differ remarkably in lexical structures, making literal word-for-word translation hardly feasible. Combining practical translation cases in the petroleum technical corpora (covering drilling, reservoir engineering, oil production, industry standards and field operation manuals), this paper systematically analyze...

Linguistics 

Purpose: This systematic review aims to analyze the correlation between traditional clinical methods and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in determining the periodontal biotype. Materials AND Methods: An electronic search was conducted to identify clinical observational and comparative studies comparing CBCT with conventional clinical techniques for assessing gingival and bone thickness. The study followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analys...

Dentistry 

As a core concept in modern psychology and psychoanalysis, Freud’s theory of narcissism offers a crucial perspective for exploring the complex human mental structure and bears profound connections with the myth of Narcissus in literary contexts. Oscar Wilde’s classic novel The Picture of Dorian Gray is regarded as a modern reworking of the Narcissus tradition. Through the psychological alienation of its characters caught between aestheticism and extreme egocentrism, the work vividly revea...

Literature 

To further investigate resource teachers’ identity status in inclusive education and to develop their identity appropriately, a survey was conducted with 40 resource teachers at the preschool and compulsory education stages in a county in Zhejiang, based on the theories of identity crisis, cognitive-affective theory, and social constructivism. The findings include a serious gender imbalance and restricted promotional channels among resource teachers in the county. Although the identity levels re...

Pedagogy