Background: Implant breakage following Intramedullary (IM) nailing of long bone fractures is an uncommon but potentially catastrophic complication that often necessitates complex revision surgery. Robust estimates of its incidence and predictors are needed to guide surgical planning and postoperative management. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were systematically searched for studies published between January 2005 and December 2024 reporting IM nail breakage ...

Orthopedics 

Periodontal diseases, stemming from microbial imbalances and chronic inflammation, represent a significant global health challenge. While traditional mechanical debridement forms the cornerstone of treatment, adjunctive therapies are often necessary to achieve optimal and lasting periodontal health. This literature review evaluates the current evidence on probiotics as an adjunct to initial periodontal treatment, focusing on their efficacy in improving clinical parameters and modulating the oral...

Global Health 

Cistanche tubulosa (CTE) aqueous extract is already employed as a botanical prescription drug for treating dementia in China. CTE, derived from dried C. tubulosa stems, is freshly prepared with sterile distilled water. CTE requires acute and chronic toxicity studies to ensure its safety in clinical applications. This study evaluates the safety profile of CTE through both in vitro and in vivo tests. Ames tests conducted on five strains of Salmonella typhimu...

Toxicology  Food Science & Technology 

In the field of micro-robotics, biomimetic robotic insects, with their miniaturized size, high-efficiency locomotion, and strong environmental adaptability, hold irreplaceable value in critical applications such as disaster search and rescue, precision equipment inspection, and military reconnaissance. Current research on biomimetic robotic insects commonly faces core challenges, including insufficient efficiency in miniaturized actuation, poor stability of movement in complex environments, and ...

Mechanical Engineering 

Background: Collagenous Fibroma (CF) of the nail, particularly the finger, is exceedingly uncommon. Although uncommon, they should be included in the differential diagnosis of nail abnormalities. Early diagnosis and complete surgical excision lead to an excellent prognosis with a minimal risk of recurrence. Objective: To raise awareness of the rarity of this condition to improve its early diagnosis and management. Case Report: A 72-year-old woma...

Dermatology 

Effective nutrition education is essential for promoting healthy dietary behaviors and lifelong well-being among school-aged children. In Ghana, basic schools provide a strategic platform for nutrition education, yet multiple barriers continue to undermine their effective delivery. This conceptual review synthesizes empirical literature, policy documents, and theoretical perspectives to examine the key structural, pedagogical, and institutional constraints affecting nutrition education in Ghanai...

Health Policy  Public Policy 

The research on the main controlling factors of tight oil has always been the core content of unconventional oil and gas geology theory. Taking the tight oil of Chang 81 reservoir group in W105 area of Nanliang Oilfield in Ordos Basin as the research object, the characteristics of reservoir sand body thickness, lithology, reservoir space and physical properties were analyzed by using logging, mud logging, core, mercury injection and oil test data. The type of Chang 81 reservoir was clarified, an...

Geography 

Rice is a staple food in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon, but its production is associated with significant environmental challenges. This study assessed farmers’ perceptions of these impacts and the key agricultural practices contributing to degradation. Data were collected between August 31 and October 7, 2023, in the Yagoua and Lagdo rice basins, using interviews with 589 rice farmers. Results indicate a strong preference for sandy-clay soil (79.28% ± 2.50) and reveal predominant practic...

Environmental Sciences 

Background: Eagle syndrome is a rare clinical entity related to elongation of the styloid process and/or ossification of the stylohyoid ligament complex. Because of its nonspecific symptoms, it is frequently underdiagnosed. Objective: To highlight Eagle syndrome as a differential diagnosis in cervico-orofacial pain and to describe its clinical and radiological characteristics through a series of four cases. Methods: Four patients aged between 19...

Dentistry  Radiology & Medical Imaging  Surgery & Surgical Specialties 

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease. Data from sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Central Africa, remain scarce and diagnosis is often delayed. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical, biological, radiological, therapeutic, and functional profile of RA in Chad and to situate these findings within the sub-Saharan and international literature. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study from January 2018 to December 2024 in...

Epidemiology