Therapeutic Outcomes and Associated Factors among Tuberculosis Patients Initiated on Treatment in the Parakou-N’dali Health Zone (Benin): A Retrospective Study 2020-2024

Introduction: Tuberculosis remains a major public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite national program efforts, unfavorable treatment outcomes persist in specific regions. This study evaluated tuberculosis treatment outcomes and associated risk factors among patients followed in the Parakou-N’dali health zone from 2020 to 2024. Methods: We conducted an analytical retrospective cohort study in TB diagnosis and treatment centers in Parakou, Boko, and N’dali. All patients initiated on anti-tuberculosis treatment between 2020 and 2024 were included. Data extracted from registry records were analyzed using SPSS software. Multinomial logistic regression identified factors associated with unfavorable outcomes. Results: A total of 917 patients were included, with a male predominance (73.4%) and a mean age of 37.5 years. Pulmonary cases accounted for 78.3% of the cohort, with 95.8% being new cases. HIV seroprevalence was 12.8%. The overall treatment success rate was 89.2% (7.2% deaths, 2.62% loss to follow-up, and 0.98% failure). Factors significantly associated with death included comorbidities, especially diabetes (p = 0.031), relapses (p = 0.007), and anemia (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Although the treatment success rate is relatively high, it remains below national performance standards. Reducing mortality requires comorbidity management, early screening, and enhanced patient follow-up.