This study utilizes an ordered probit model to analyze the determinants of sovereign credit ratings for East African countries from 2010 to 2022, based on ratings from major agencies. The findings reveal that the impact of various macroeconomic factors—such as GDP growth, GDP per capita, external debt, current account balance, inflation, and unemployment—differs according to the income level of each country. In high-income countries, GDP and the rule of law are the most significant determinants,...

Strategic Management Policy  Strategic Management  Public Economics  Statistics and Econometrics  Risk Management  Business Management  Monetary Economics  Business Finance and Investment  Business Analysis  Finance  International Economics  Development Economics  Business Statistics and Analytics 

Forensic epigenetics has become a rapidly expanding frontier in molecular forensics, offering analytical capabilities that surpass those of traditional genetic markers. Advances in high-resolution methylome profiling, small-RNA analysis, and multi-omics approaches now support increasingly precise inferences about biological age, tissue origin, lifestyle exposures, and, in some cases, individual differentiation. Despite this progress, the field remains transitional, and its adoption in routine fo...

Genetics 

Purpose: To evaluate a therapeutic monitoring strategy for ectopic pregnancies treated with methotrexate (MTX) injection based on hCG level kinetics, in order to identify patients at low risk of treatment failure. Materials and Methods: This series of 14 cases allowed us to evaluate the success rate of therapeutic management with a single injection of methotrexate (MTX), based on the kinetics of hCG levels. The protocol stipulated that if the decrease was greate...

Gynecology & Obstetrics 

Epigenetic mechanisms regulate and stabilize a broad range of biological processes without altering the primary DNA sequence. This regulation is achieved through DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications (PTMs), and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). These mechanisms facilitate rapid and flexible changes in gene expression in response to environmental cues such as temperature, humidity, nutrition, and chemical exposure. Upon detection of these signals, the neuroendocrine system relays the...

Applied Biology  Molecular Biology  Genetics 

This article examined the implementation of Ghana’s 2015 Inclusive Education Policy in basic schools, focusing on the leadership role of headteachers. Drawing on international frameworks such as Salamanca and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), national policy documents, and empirical literature from Ghana, the paper analyzed key challenges, including limited resources, inadequate teacher preparation, infrastructural barriers, rigid curriculum and assessment systems...

Education Administration 

Hsi-sheng Chi’s 1976 English monograph *Warlord Politics in China, 1916-1928* was the first to systematically construct an analytical paradigm of “relation-culture” in the study of Beiyang warlord politics. This research broke away from the traditional class-based historical view and regarded the warlord group as a dynamically operating power balance system. Its core innovations lie in: 1) employing political science and sociological theories to deconstruct warlord factions, proposing three sust...

History 

Round pneumonia is a rare clinical entity in adults and may radiographically resemble malignant lung lesions, often leading to diagnostic uncertainty. We present the case of a geriatric patient with a background of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and lichen sclerosis who arrived with a five-day history of fever, generalised body ache, right ear pain, fatigue and decreased appetite. She was febrile with mild tachycardia, and her investigations revealed leukocytosis, significantly raised C-reactiv...

Clinical Medicine  Respiratory Medicine 

Introduction: The integration of lasers in dental practice has experienced real extent thanks to the advantages and facilities they present. This technology has shown remarkable results namely in the surgery of soft tissues as well as hard tissues. In dentistry, and essentially in joint prostheses, the most lasers used are Diode laser and Erbium laser. These lasers facilitated interventions and optimizing treatment plans. Objective: The main purpose of our systematic review was to show the contr...

Dentistry 

The WHO lists H. pylori as one of the 20 pathogens that pose the greatest threat to human health due to their antibiotic resistance and classifies it as a Group 1 gastric carcinogen, directly linked to stomach cancer. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection among students in Lubumbashi and to test the associations between serological results and sex, age, and the presence of gastritis attack. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted fro...

Microbiology 

The central problem of this study is academic underachievement of secondary school students over the years. Schools in Kenya, especially in Mombasa County are facing a big problem of poor quality grades which may be attributed to students’ spending minimal time on school activities and giving up easily when faced with difficulties. Poor quality grades have been consistently realized due to students’ inability to identify with academics and failure to connect current school performance to future ...

Educational Reform