Perceptions of Community Stakeholders Regarding the Implementation of the Community-Based Nutrition (CBN) Project in the Kadutu Urban Health Zone, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Introduction: Community participation is a fundamental principle of health promotion and primary health care. Since the Declaration of Alma-Ata, involving populations in matters concerning their health has been viewed as a way to align interventions more closely with local needs and enhance their acceptability. Objective: To analyze the perceptions of community stakeholders regarding the implementation of the Community-Based Nutrition (CBN) project in the Kadutu urban health zone, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods: A qualitative, cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from September 1 to October 30, 2025, involving 23 participants selected through purposive sampling. The sample consisted of 12 community members, 10 health professionals, and one partner involved in the implementation of the CBN project. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews conducted in French, Swahili, and—where necessary—Shi. The interviews were recorded with the participants’ consent, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed using NVivo software. Results: Community participation focused primarily on activity implementation. Community outreach workers, CODESA, and other local structures served as the main mechanisms for engagement. Participants reported several perceived positive outcomes, including greater local ownership of interventions, strengthened local capacity, improved nutrition and prevention-related behaviors, and increased utilization of health services. However, community involvement in needs assessment, planning, and decision-making remained limited. Socio-economic hardship, insecurity, inadequate incentive mechanisms, and certain communication limitations posed obstacles to more sustainable participation. Conclusion: Community participation is a key driver for the implementation of nutritional interventions in Kadutu. However, its potential remains limited when communities are mobilized primarily for the execution of activities. Earlier participation in the design, planning, decision-making, and evaluation processes could strengthen ownership and the sustainability of the interventions.