Effectiveness of the Chronic Care Model on Self-Management Behaviour and Glycaemic Control among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in North-Central Nigeria: A Randomised Controlled Study
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health challenge in Nigeria. The Chronic Care Model (CCM) provides a structured framework for strengthening patient-centred chronic disease management. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a CCM-based intervention on self-management behaviours and glycaemic outcomes among adults with T2DM in North Central Nigeria. Participants and Methods: A single-blinded randomised controlled trial was conducted among 90 adults with T2DM attending the General Outpatient Clinic of the Federal University Teaching Hospital, Lafia. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention group (CCM-based care) or control group (usual care), with 45 participants per arm. The intervention lasted 12 weeks and incorporated structured education, goal setting, clinical information support, and follow-up. Outcomes included glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood pressure, and self-management behaviours measured using the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ). Data were analysed using intention-to-treat principles at a 5% significance level. Results: Eighty-four participants completed follow-up. The intervention group demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in HbA1c (mean reduction 1.3 ± 0.5) compared with the control group (0.63 ± 0.2; p < 0.001). Significant improvements were observed in fasting blood glucose (p < 0.001). Overall DSMQ scores increased significantly ( 0.5; p < 0.001), particularly in dietary control, physical activity, and glucose monitoring. Multiple linear regression identified medication adherence (β = −0.38), dietary control (β = −0.27), and glucose monitoring (β = −0.31) as significant predictors of HbA1c. Conclusion: A CCM-based intervention significantly improved self-management behaviours and glycaemic outcomes compared with usual care, supporting its integration into routine diabetes management in resource-constrained settings.
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Agbo, P. E. , Moses, J. E. , Agbo, E. F. , Abdulmumuni, L. A. , Bawa, D. B. , Adeola, O. , Mosugu, O. , Mathew, M. , Uwakwe, J. N. and Ikrama, I. H. (2026). Effectiveness of the Chronic Care Model on Self-Management Behaviour and Glycaemic Control among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in North-Central Nigeria: A Randomised Controlled Study
. Open Access Library Journal, 13, e15042. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1115042.
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