Forests found in Zanzibar archipelago consist of short coral scrub to higher closed canopy forests and mangroves. Local people have been using the forests for medicinal plant uses, fuel wood, building materials and food. However, there are growing conflicts on access, ownership and uses of the forest resources despite these forests being managed by diverse management arrangements including local community participation. The study aimed to examine the level community participation in co-management for conflict resolution in Jonzani Chwaka Bay National Park (CBNP), to identify measures taken by stakeholder through co-management approaches to resolve conflict in JCBNP. The study sample of 50 respondents was obtained from the communities of Chwaka, Charawe, and Muyuni B villages. The data were collected by face-to-face interview household-based survey methods. Both descriptive and inferential data analyses were applied to meet the study objectives. The study showed that most respondents (42%) of communities do not participate in patrolling related decisions, 52% participate in trainings about forest conservation activities while only 60% participate in incentives planning related to forest conservation. The study shows that the highest rated measures (30%) of conflict resolution is the use of police forces while, the poverty reduction was rated highest (34%) positive effect of co-management approach to resolve in JCBNP, followed by 32% community empowerment. The results showed a significant relationship between actions taken to resolve conflicts and the reasons for the effectiveness of the co-management approach (Chi-Square value = 51.95, p = 0.041). There is high significant relationship (Chi-Square value = 21.996, p = 0.000) between variables “training and patrolling effectiveness” meaning that these two variables are closely related to forest conservation. The study concludes that embedding the participatory approach at JCBNP would improve the performance in reducing conflicts and enhance conservation mechanism for maintaining the equilibrium of Jozani, Chwaka Bay ecosystem.
Cite this paper
Hamad, R. O. , Ali, A. I. , Othman, W. J. and Abass, R. A. (2025). Effectiveness of Co-Management Approach for Conflict Resolution in Jozani Chwaka Bay National Park and Muyuni B Community Forest, Zanzibar
. Open Access Library Journal, 12, e14567. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1114567.
Ostrom, E. (1990) Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511807763
Gobeze, T., Bekele, M., Lemenih, M. and Kassa, H. (2009) Participatory Forest Manage-ment and Its Impacts on Livelihoods and Forest Status: The Case of Bonga For-est in Ethiopia. International Forestry Review, 11, 346-358. https://doi.org/10.1505/ifor.11.3.346
Walsh, M.T. (2009) The Use of Wild and Domestic Animals in the Jozani-Chwaka Bay Conservation Area, Zan-zibar. Zanzibar Forestry Development Authority.
Carlsson, L. and Berkes, F. (2005) Co-Management: Concepts and Methodological Implications. Journal of Environmental Management, 75, 65-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.11.008
Benjaminsen, G. (2017) The Bricolage of REDD in Zanzibar: From Global Environmental Policy Frame-work to Community Forest Management. Journal of Eastern African Studies, 11, 506-525. https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2017.1357103
Hamad, I.Y. (2013. Co-Management, Rural Livelihoods and Sustainable Forest Manage-ment: A Case of Jozani-Chwaka Bay National Park Zanzibar. Master’s Thesis, State University of New York.
Zella Adili, Y., Juma Said, M. and Kalumanga Venance, E. (2017) Resource Use Conflicts and Biodiversity Conservation in Jozani Ecosystem, Zan-ziba. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 2, 467-475. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/2.1.59
Fedreheim, G.E. and Blanco, E. (2017) Co-Management of Protected Areas to Alleviate Conservation Conflicts: Experiences in Norway. International Journal of the Commons, 11, 754-773. https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.749
Bisht, Y. and Sharma, R.C. (2005) Traditional Resource Management Practices for Biodiversity Conserva-tion and Their Significance in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, India. Interna-tional Journal of Biodiversity Science & Management, 1, 97-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451590509618084
Masalu, D.C.P. (2000) Coastal and Marine Resource Use Conflicts and Sustainable Development in Tanzania. Ocean & Coastal Management, 43, 475-494. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0964-5691(00)00039-9
Tamrini, A.S. (2009) The Impact of Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs) on Local Community Livelihood and Biodiversity Conservation. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Said%2C T. and Nofel%2C %282009%29 The Impact of Integrated Conservation and Development Projects %28ICDPs%29 on Local Com&btnG=
Blomley, T. and Iddi, S. (2009) Participatory Forest Management in Tanzania: 1993-2009. Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism (MNRT), Tanzania & Danish Forestry Extension.
Agrawal, A. and Gibson, C.C. (1999) En-chantment and Disenchantment: The Role of Community in Natural Resource Conservation. World Development, 27, 629-649. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(98)00161-2
Fabricius, C. and Col-lins, S. (2007) Community-Based Natural Resource Management: Governing the Commons. Water Policy, 9, 83-97. https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2007.132
Castro, A.P. and Nielsen, E. (2001) Indige-nous People and Co-Management: Implications for Conflict Management. Envi-ronmental Science & Policy, 4, 229-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1462-9011(01)00022-3
Berkes, F. (2009) Evolution of Co-Management: Role of Knowledge Generation, Bridging Organi-zations and Social Learning. Journal of Environmental Management, 90, 1692-1702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.12.001
Shackleton, S., Camp-bell, B., Wollenberg, E. and Edmunds, D. (2002) Devolution and Communi-ty-Based Natural Resource Management: Creating Space for Local People to Par-ticipate and Benefit. ODI Natural Resource Perspectives, No. 76.
