Risk Perceptions toward Chronic Kidney Disease and Self-Care Behaviour among People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Attending Follow-Ups in the Tertiary Care Hospitals
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the second leading cause worldwide of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and CKD-related mortality. Previous reports indicated an increased risk of CKD in the Lao PDR due to poor diet and poor physical activity. There was an increase in the number of CKD patients, from 4.24% in 2020 to 8.55% in 2022. This cross-sectional study aims to examine factors in self-care behaviour among people with type 2 DM who visited three tertiary care hospitals in Lao PDR. The study was conducted at the OPD of these hospitals. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect the information using structured questionnaires from September to October 2024. A total of 422 subjects completed this study. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression were used to analyse the data. Only 41% of respondents demonstrated good self-care behaviours. Those who were underweight and normal BMI (AOR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.12 - 2.65), less knowledge of self-care practices (AOR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.26 - 0.93), high perceived severity of CKD (AOR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.32 - 3.14), low perceived barriers to performing self-care practices (AOR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.09 - 2.69).
Cite this paper
Phonlevong, V. , Vollasin, X. , Penthady, J. , Detthasack, K. , Oulay, L. , Samountry, K. , Laosee, O. , Janmaimool, P. and Rattanapan, C. (2025). Risk Perceptions toward Chronic Kidney Disease and Self-Care Behaviour among People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Attending Follow-Ups in the Tertiary Care Hospitals. Open Access Library Journal, 12, e14173. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1114173.
Rossing, P., Hansen, T.W. and Kümler, T. (2024) Cardiovascular and Non‐Renal Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease: Managing Risk. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 26, 13-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.15747
Suriyong, P., Ruengorn, C., Shayakul, C., Anantachoti, P. and Kanjanarat, P. (2022) Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3-5 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLOS ONE, 17, e0264393. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264393
Hasan, M., Sutradhar, I., Gupta, R.D. and Sarker, M. (2018) Preva-lence of Chronic Kidney Disease in South Asia: A Systematic Review. BMC Nephrology, 19, Article No. 291. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-018-1072-5
Liyanage, T., Toyama, T., Hockham, C., Ninomiya, T., Perkovic, V., Woodward, M., et al. (2022) Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in Asia: A Systematic Review and Analysis. BMJ Global Health, 7, e007525. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007525
Shillah, W.B., Yahaya, J.J., Morgan, E.D. and Bintabara, D. (2024) Predictors of Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Regional Refer-ral Hospitals in the Central Zone, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study. Scientific Reports, 14, Article No. 5035. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-55556-x
Francis, A., et al. (2024) Chronic Kidney Disease and the Global Public Health Agenda: An International Consensus. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 20, 473-485.
Akokuwebe, M.E. and Idemudia, E.S. (2022) Knowledge and Risk Perceptions of Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Factors among Women of Childbearing Age in Lagos State, Nigeria: From a Health Demography Approach. International Journal of Nephrology, 2022, Article ID: 5511555. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5511555
Isa, S., Norliana JA, A.N.J., I, I., Yusof, A.Y. and Hami, R. (2023) CKD Knowledge and Its Associated Factors among Patients with Type 2 Diabe-tes Mellitus Attending Follow-Up in a Penang Primary Health Clinic. Journal of Health Science and Medical Research, 42, Article 2023981. https://doi.org/10.31584/jhsmr.2023981
Educators, A.A.O.D. (2020) An Effective Model of Dia-betes Care and Education: Revising the AADE7 Self-Care Behaviors. The Diabetes Educator, 46, 139-160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145721719894903
Badran, A., Bahar, A., Tammam, M., Bahar, S., Khalil, A., Koni, A.A., et al. (2023) The Relationship between Diabetes-Related Knowledge and Kidney Disease Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Public Health, 23, Article No. 480. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15390-8
Mielenz, T.J., Kannoth, S. and Xue, Q. (2021) Patterns of Self-Care Behaviors and Their Influence on Maintaining Independence: The National Health and Aging Trends Study. Frontiers in Aging, 2, Article ID: 770476. https://doi.org/10.3389/fragi.2021.770476
de Mattos Al-buquerque, A.C.R.M., Pinto, G.N., Pereira, G.A., Silva, L.F., Fontenele, T.A.S., da Silva Junior, G.B., et al. (2023) Conhecimento da populacao sobre a doenca renal crcnica, seus fatores de risco e meios de prevencao: Um estudo de base populacional em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Nephrology, 45, 144-151. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2022-0017pt
Saglam, F.S. and Bektas, H. (2023) Risk Perceptions of Pa-tients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Regarding Insulin Therapy and Diabetes Complications: A Cross‐Sectional Study. Jour-nal of Clinical Nursing, 32, 5010-5027. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16720
Ghaljaei, F., Rezaee, N. and Salar, A. (2017) Identifying Self-Care Behaviors in Middle-Aged Women: A Qualitative Study. Electron Physician, 9, 5800-5805.
Jang, Y.S., Park, Y.S., Kim, H., Hurh, K., Park, E. and Jang, S. (2023) Association between Sedentary Be-havior and Chronic Kidney Disease in Korean Adults. BMC Public Health, 23, Article No. 306. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14929-5
Babazadeh, T., Dianatinasab, M., Daemi, A., Nikbakht, H.A., Moradi, F. and Ghaffari-fam, S. (2017) Association of Self-Care Behaviors and Quality of Life among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Chaldoran County, Iran. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, 41, 449-456. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.6.449
Bukhsh, A., Khan, T.M., Sarfraz Nawaz, M., Sajjad, H., Chan, K.G., Lee, L., et al. (2018) Association of Diabetes Related Self-Care Activities with Glycemic Control of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Pakistan. Patient Preference and Adherence, 12, 2377-2385. https://doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s177314
Ulfah, N.H., Katmawanti, S., Sukma, A.M., Rahmawati, I.T., Wongsasuluk, P., Alma, L.R., et al. (2022) Personal Characteristics, Families, and Community Support Associated with Self-Care Behavior among Indonesian Diabetic Patients. Journal of Public Health in Africa, 13, a379. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2022.2419
Bakri, N., Syam, Y. and Hariati, S. (2023) Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Self-Care Management pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik. Journal of Telenursing (JOTING), 5, 2505-2513. https://doi.org/10.31539/joting.v5i2.6675
Tsai, Y., Wang, S., Tsai, H., Chen, T., Kung, L., Hsiao, P., et al. (2021) The Interaction between Self-Care Behavior and Disease Knowledge on the Decline in Renal Function in Chronic Kidney Disease. Scientific Reports, 11, Article No. 401. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79873-z
Moktan, S., Leelacharas, S. and Prapaipanich, W. (2019) Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, Self-Management Behavior of the Patients with Pre-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease. Ramathibodi Medical Journal, 42, 38-48. https://doi.org/10.33165/rmj.2019.42.2.119901
Choi, S., Jang, S., Choi, E. and Park, Y.S. (2024) Association between Prevalence and Severity of Chronic Kidney Disease and Employment Status: A Nationwide Study in Korea. BMC Public Health, 24, Article No. 216. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17338-4
Brus, I.M., Spronk, I., Polinder, S., Loohuis, A.G.M.O., Tieleman, P., Heemskerk, S.C.M., et al. (2024) Self-Perceived Barriers to Healthcare Access for Patients with Post COVID-19 Condition. BMC Health Services Research, 24, Article No. 1035. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11488-w
Mogre, V., Johnson, N.A., Tzelepis, F., Hall, A. and Paul, C. (2020) Barriers to Self-Care and Their Association with Poor Adherence to Self-Care Behaviours in People with Type 2 Diabetes in Ghana: A Cross Sectional Study. Obesity Medicine, 18, Article 100222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100222
Hu, Y., Liu, H., Wu, J. and Fang, G. (2022) Factors Influencing Self-Care Behaviours of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in China Based on the Health Belief Model: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMJ Open, 12, e044369. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044369
Nie, R., Han, Y., Xu, J., Huang, Q. and Mao, J. (2018) Illness Perception, Risk Perception and Health Promotion Self-Care Behaviors among Chinese Patient with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Applied Nursing Research, 39, 89-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2017.11.010
Huang, B., Chung, C., Chang, Y., Lee, L., Peng, H. and Chen, S. (2020) Body Mass Index and Self-Care Behaviors Related to Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma within Three Months Posttreatment. Supportive Care in Cancer, 29, 2239-2248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-020-05737-x
Karimi, M., Mofidi Nejad, M., Tabaeifard, R., Omid, N., Rezaei, Z. and Azadbakht, L. (2024) The Association between Dietary Habits and Self-Care Behavior of Pregnant Women with Pregnancy Complications. Scientific Reports, 14, Article No. 19681. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70162-7
