Refractive Profile in Oculocutaneous Albinism in Abidjan

Introduction: Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a rare genetic disorder affecting the production of melanin, with significant consequences for skin, dander and visual function. This article explores the clinical and therapeutic aspects of OCA, with an emphasis on associated refractive abnormalities. Methods: We conducted a bicentric retrospective study in two private pediatric ophthalmology referral centers in Abidjan over a period of two years, analyzing the records of patients with OCA seen for consultation. Results: Thirty-eight patients aged one to 23 years were enrolled. The prevalence of oculocutaneous albinism was 2.17%. The mean age was 9.07 ± 5.77 years. The sex ratio was 2.1. The familial nature of OCA was reported in 57.9% of cases. Nystagmus was horizontal and pendular in the majority of cases (97.7%) and associated with strabismus in 28.9%. Refraction was pathological in 97.4% of cases. Astigmatism was found in all ametropic patients. This refractive defect was simple (5.4%) or associated with another ametropia, notably myopia (62.2%) or hyperopia (32.4%). Astigmatism was moderate in 64.9% of patients. Fourteen patients (36.8%) had anisometropia, which was myopic in 13.2%, hyperopic in 2.6% and astigmatic in 10.5%. All patients benefited from total optical correction and appropriate treatment of their corrective lenses. Discussion: OCA is a condition with a major visual and social impact. Early ophthalmological treatment is essential to limit the functional consequences, particularly amblyopia. Efforts must be made to improve access to care and visual aids, particularly in Africa where the prevalence is high.