Palatal Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Approach

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the seventeenth most common cancer worldwide. It most frequently affects the tongue and the floor of the mouth, while involvement of the gingiva, labial mucosa, and hard palate remains relatively uncommon. Despite its lower prevalence in these locations, lesions of the hard palate may present with atypical clinical features, which can delay diagnosis and negatively impact prognosis. The development of oral squamous cell carcinoma is strongly associated with well-established risk factors, particularly tobacco use and alcohol consumption. However, additional contributory factors may also play a role in its pathogenesis, including dietary habits, familial predisposition, genetic susceptibility, and certain pre-existing oral diseases. The interaction between these factors can influence both the initiation and progression of malignant transformation within the oral mucosa. The objective of this article is to present, through two clinical cases, the essential knowledge required for the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate. Furthermore, our article aims to emphasize the crucial role of the dental practitioner in the early detection of suspicious oral lesions, as well as in the prevention and reduction of modifiable risk factors associated with this malignancy. Early recognition by dental professionals remains a key element in improving patient outcomes and survival rates.