The clinical features of infectious oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) vary widely and frequently overlap, making diagnosis more difficult. Syphilis, tuberculosis, herpesviruses, HPV, HIV-related lesions, candidiasis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis are among the most important bacterial, viral, and fungal infections that affect the mouth. Clinical evaluation, patient history, and confirmatory tests are necessary for an accurate diagnosis. For prompt treatment and prevention of complications, especially in immunocompromised patients, early identification of these infections is essential.
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