A Rare Case of Ameloblastic Fibroma: Association of Central and Peripheral Clinical Forms

Background: An ameloblastic fibroma (AF) is a rare benign mixed odontogenic tumor, that commonly occurs during the first and the second decade of life, which is why it’s often called a neoplasm of childhood and adolescence. It is composed of both epithelial and mesenchymal components, without any formation of calcified dental structure, and it can present in two clinical forms: a central (intraosseous) and a peripheral (extraosseous) variant. Aim: The aim of this paper is to report a rare case of AF that combined both clinical forms, in an adult patient, highlighting its diagnostic features and surgical management. Case Presentation: A 34-year-old patient presented to the Oral Surgery Department of the Dental Consultation and Treatment Center of Casablanca with a gingival overgrowth that had been present for two years, associated with a mild mandibular swelling in the premolar region. Histopathological examination of a biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of AF. Surgical treatment consisted of enucleation, curettage, and extraction of the involved teeth. Conclusion: This case illustrates a unique clinical presentation of AF involving both central and peripheral forms in an adult. It emphasizes the importance of thorough clinical, radiographic and histopathological evaluation for accurate diagnosis and appropriate surgical management of odontogenic tumors.