Optimisation of Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Properties of Composite Flour Made from Eleusine coracana (Finger Millet) and Manihot esculenta (Cassava)
In this study, composite flour was formulated by blending Eleusine coracana (finger millet) and Manihot esculenta (cassava) to achieve optimal nutritional content tailored to different age groups. Various composites of roasted and unroasted finger millet and cassava flour were mingled into bread and analysed for nutritional and anti-nutritional values using AOAC International’s Official Methods of Analysis. The composite (millet flour/cassava flour, 3:1; w/w) had the optimal content of nutrients for both roasted and unroasted samples. There was no significant difference in the nutrient content between roasted and unroasted samples (p > 0.05). The optimal sample meets the recommended carbohydrate Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI) for individuals aged 1 to 70 years and pregnant mothers aged 14 years to 50 years in a 200 g serving. Additionally, it meets the protein, iron and calcium RNI for children aged 0 to 6 years, 0 to 6 years, and 1 to 6 years respectively.
Cite this paper
Mweteise, R. , Adaku, C. and Gumisiriza, H. (2025). Optimisation of Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Properties of Composite Flour Made from Eleusine coracana (Finger Millet) and Manihot esculenta (Cassava). Open Access Library Journal, 12, e3016. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1113016.
Jahan, I., Muhit, M., Hardianto, D., Laryea, F., Amponsah, S.K., Chhetri, A.B., et al. (2021) Epidemiology of Malnutrition among Children with Cerebral Palsy in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Findings from the Global LMIC CP Register. Nu-trients, 13, Article 3676. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113676
Akombi, B.J., Agho, K.E., Merom, D., Renzaho, A.M. and Hall, J.J. (2017) Child Malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Meta-Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys (2006-2016). PLOS ONE, 12, e0177338. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177338
Agho, K.E., Akombi, B.J., Ferdous, A.J., Mbugua, I. and Kamara, J.K. (2019) Childhood Undernutrition in Three Disadvantaged East African Districts: A Multinomial Analysis. BMC Pediatrics, 19, Article No. 118. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1482-y
Dureab, F., Al-Falahi, E., Ismail, O., Al-Marhali, L., Al Jawaldeh, A., Nuri, N.N., et al. (2019) An Overview on Acute Malnutrition and Food Insecurity among Children during the Conflict in Yemen. Children, 6, Article 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/children6060077
Baluku, J.B., Namiiro, S.M., Nabwana, M., Muttamba, W. and Kirenga, B. (2021) Undernutrition and Treatment Success in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Uganda. Infection and Drug Resistance, 14, 3673-3681. https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s332148
Aisoni, J.E., Yusha’u, M. and Orole, O.O. (2018) Processing Effects on Physicochemical and Proximate Composition of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana). Greener Journal of Biological Sciences, 8, 14-20. https://doi.org/10.15580/gjbs.2018.2.032018048
Albalasmeh, A.A., Berhe, A.A. and Ghezzehei, T.A. (2013) A New Method for Rapid Determination of Carbohydrate and Total Carbon Concentrations Using UV Spectro-photometry. Carbohydrate Polymers, 97, 253-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.072
Drochioiu, G., Damoc, N.E. and Przybylski, M. (2006) Novel UV Assay for Protein Determination and the Characterization of Cop-per-Protein Complexes by Mass Spectrometry. Talanta, 69, 556-564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2005.10.026
Kassem, M.A. and Amin, A.S. (2013) Spectrophotometric Determina-tion of Iron in Environmental and Food Samples Using Solid Phase Extraction. Food Chemistry, 141, 1941-1946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.038
Volumetrik, M.A. (2017) Calcium Content of Lime Mortars from 19th Century Church Ruins in the Philippines Using Volumetric Analysis. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 21, 1080-1090.
Krepper, G., Romeo, F., de Sousa Fernandes, D.D., Diniz, P.H.G.D., de Araújo, M.C.U., Di Nezio, M.S., et al. (2018) Determination of Fat Content in Chicken Hamburgers Using NIR Spectroscopy and the Successive Projections Algo-rithm for Interval Selection in PLS Regression (iSPA-PLS). Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spec-troscopy, 189, 300-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2017.08.046
Chilungo, S. (2013) Physicochemical Properties and Baking Qualities of Baked Wheat Products Supplemented with Cassava and Pigeon Pea Flours. Michigan State Universi-ty.
Chueachot, R. and Chanthai, S. (2014) Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Cyanide in Fruit Wines by the Catalytic Reaction of Ninhydrin Following Micro-Distillation. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 30, 119-148. https://doi.org/10.13005/ojc/300115
Blainski, A., Lopes, G. and De Mello, J. (2013) Application and Analysis of the Folin Ciocalteu Method for the Determination of the Total Phenolic Content from Limonium Brasiliense L. Molecules, 18, 6852-6865. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18066852
Singh, N., David, J., Thompkinson, D., Seelam, B.S., Rajput, H. and Morya, S. (2018) Effect of Roasting on Functional and Phytochemical Constituents of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.), Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation, 7, 414-418.
Antony, U., Sripriya, G. and Chandra, T.S. (1996) Effect of Fermentation on the Primary Nutrients in Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 44, 2616-2618. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf950787q
Obadina, A., Ishola, I.O., Adekoya, I.O., Soares, A.G., de Car-valho, C.W.P. and Barboza, H.T. (2016) Nutritional and Physico-Chemical Properties of Flour from Native and Roasted Whole Grain Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.]R. Br.). Journal of Cereal Science, 70, 247-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2016.06.005
Bhatt, A., Singh, V., Shrotria, P. and Baskheti, D. (2003) Coarse Grains of Uttaranchal: Ensuring Sustainable Food and Nutritional Security. Indian Farmer Digging, 7, 34-38.
Singh, N., David, J., Thompkinson, D., Seelam, B.S., Rajput, H. and Morya, S. (2018) Effect of Roasting on Functional and Phytochemical Con-stituents of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.). Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation, 7, 414-418.
