Integrating Local and Modern Knowledge for Climate Change Adaptation in Sustainable Seaweed Farming in Zanzibar

In Zanzibar, seaweed cultivation serves as a vital economic activity for coastal populations, offering income opportunities and enhancing food security. Nevertheless, the industry is confronting unprecedented challenges due to climate change effects, such as elevated ocean temperatures, increased acidity, and severe weather events. This research provided a comprehensive examination of how local knowledge and contemporary scientific understanding are being integrated to adapt seaweed farming practices to climate change in Zanzibar. Traditionally, indigenous knowledge has been fundamental to seaweed farming in Zanzibar. Local cultivators have established long-standing methods based on their observations of marine ecosystems and natural cycles. These traditional practices are deeply embedded in the community’s cultural heritage, emphasizing sustainable resource utilization. However, recent climate changes have disrupted these conventional techniques. Elevated sea temperatures have resulted in decreased seaweed production, while erratic weather patterns and more frequent storms have caused damage to seaweed farms. To address these issues, researchers have increasingly focused on incorporating modern scientific insights and technological advancements into traditional seaweed cultivation methods. The investigation was conducted in Zanzibar, specifically in Chwaka Bay, encompassing the coastal communities of Chwaka, Uroa, and Marumbi with 346 respondents. The area was selected due to its high concentration of seaweed farmers who depend on seaweed cultivation for their livelihood. For the purpose of this study, cross-sectional design was used. The design was suitable in this study because the data was collected in single point at a time by using different data collection methods. The study involved both primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from the field using questionnaire and key informant interview. Secondary data was obtained from reviewing readings from various literatures related to the study. The study’s findings indicated that conventional farming practices were augmented with innovative approaches, including integrated aquaculture, advanced seedling production, and more efficient harvesting techniques. Moreover, local communities were actively involved in climate change adaptation initiatives, fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility for the long-term viability of seaweed farming. The integration of indigenous and modern knowledge systems proved crucial for adapting Zanzibar’s seaweed industry to climate change. This integrated approach not only enhances the resilience of coastal communities but also promotes sustainable resource management and contributes to global efforts in mitigating climate change impacts on vulnerable ecosystems and livelihoods.