INTRODUCTION: Nasal anthropometry plays a pivotal role in assessing nasal size and shape within the context of overall craniofacial structure. However, defining the ideal nasal aesthetic remains complex. Anthropometric variations in nasal morphology across populations, shaped by environmental adaptations, contribute to diverse perceptions of facial harmony among different ethnic groups. AIM: To define average nasal values in a harmonious Moroccan population; to explore differences between female and male noses; to establish the ideal ratio between nasal height and width. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study utilized digital photographs of patients from the dento-facial orthopedic service at the IBN ROCHD University Hospital in Casablanca. Convenience sampling was employed, involving 51 subjects selected by an expert panel. RESULTS: Average values for nasal measurements were as follows: width of nasal root (14.8 ± 2.93 mm), width of nose (33.8 ± 4.43 mm), nasal protrusion (19.8 ± 2.23 mm), length of nasal bridge (42.9 ± 5.51 mm), nasal height (49.6 ± 4.85 mm), nasolabial angle (98.1° ± 12.5°), nasofrontal angle (143°± 16.4°), nasofacial angle (34.9° ± 3.78°), nasal projection angle (73°± 7.54°), and nasal index (68.5 ± 7.38). Statistically significant differences based on gender were observed in width of the nose, length of nasal bridge, nasal height and nasal projection angle. The “leptorhine” nose type is the most common within our sample. CONCLUSION: Findings underscore the distinct variations in nasal morphology between sexes and highlight the prevalence of specific nose types within our study population.
Cite this paper
Safi-Eddine, Z. , Omary, S. and Quars, F. E. (2024). Contribution to the Assessment of Nasal Dimensions in Facial Profile among a?Moroccan Population: Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study. Open Access Library Journal, 11, e12352. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1112352.
Farha, P., Arqub, S.A. and Ghoussoub, M.S. (2024) Correlation between Cephalometric Values and Soft Tissue Profile in Class I and Class II Adult Patients Based on Vertical Patterns. Turkish Journal of Orthodontics, 37, 36-43. https://doi.org/10.4274/turkjorthod.2023.2022.20
Bozkir, M.G., Karakas, P. and Oguz, O. (2004) Vertical and Hori-zontal Neoclassical Facial Canons in Turkish Young Adults. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 26, 212-219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-003-0202-2
Manohar, M.R. and Goswami, P. (2015) The Nose and Its Clinical Im-plications in Orthodontics: An Overview. CODS Journal of Dentistry, 7, 71-75. https://doi.org/10.5005/cods-7-2-71
Naraghi, M., Atari, M. and Asadollahi, H. (2016) When Aesthetics, Surgery, and Psychology Meet: Aesthetic Nasal Proportions in Patients Having Rhinoplasty and Normal Adults. The Surgery Journal, 2, e44-e48. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1579658
Doddi, N.M. and Eccles, R. (2010) REVIEW: The Role of Anthro-pometric Measurements in Nasal Surgery and Research: A Systematic Review. Clinical Otolaryngology, 35, 277-283. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4486.2010.02169.x
Pithon, M.M., Silva, I.S.N., Almeida, I.O., Nery, M.S., de Souza, M.L., Barbosa, G., et al. (2013) Photos vs Silhouettes for Evaluation of Profile Esthetics between White and Black Evaluators. The Angle Orthodontist, 84, 231-238. https://doi.org/10.2319/051513-373.1
Zhuang, Z., Landsittel, D., Benson, S., Roberge, R. and Shaffer, R. (2010) Facial Anthropo-Metric Differences among Gender, Ethnicity, and Age Groups. The An-nals of Occupational Hygiene, 54, 391-402. https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/meq007
Zaidi, A.A., Mattern, B.C., Claes, P., McEcoy, B., Hughes, C. and Shriver, M.D. (2017) Investigating the Case of Human Nose Shape and Climate Adap-tation. PLOS Genetics, 13, e1006616. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006616
Leong, S.C.L. and White, P.S. (2006) A Comparison of Aesthetic Proportions between the Healthy Caucasian Nose and the Aesthetic Ideal. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 59, 248-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2005.08.008
Krane, N., Markey, J., Moneta, L. and Kim, M. (2017) Aesthetics of the Nasal Dorsum: Proportions, Light, and Shadow. Facial Plastic Surgery, 33, 120-124. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1598626
Devcic, Z., Rayikanti, B.A., Hevia, J.P., Popenko, N.A., Karimi, K. and Wong, B.J.F. (2011) Nasal Tip Projection and Facial Attractiveness. The Laryngoscope, 121, 1388-1394. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.21804
Farkas, L.G., Katic, M.J. and Forrest, C.R. (2005) International An-thropometric Study of Facial Morphology in Various Ethnic Groups/Races. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 16, 615-646. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.scs.0000171847.58031.9e
Bhandari, P.S., Dhar, S. and Gulati, A. (2021) Anthropomet-ric Analysis of Linear Parameters of the Indian Nose: A Cross-Sectional Study and Comparison with Literature. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 74, 3421-3430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2021.05.008
Eziyi, J.E., Ogundipe, O.K. and Owotade, F.J. (2022) Clinical Anthropometric Assessment of the Adult Face of Yorubas in Nigeria. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy. https://www.jecaonline.org/downloads/ahead-of-print/Clinical_Anthropometric_Assessment_of_the_Adult_Face_of_Yorubas.pdf
Farhan, S., Mohammed, W., et al. (2021) Anthropometric Study of Nose Parameters in Iraqi Arabic and Kurdish Subjects (Possible Personal Identification Tool). Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 14, 2094-2100. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v14i2.10549
Bagheri, H. and Gövsa, F. (2023) Digital Analysis of Soft Tissue Nasal Anatomy for Individual Treatment Planning. European Journal of Therapeutics, 29, 41-48. https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther-345
Diouf, J.S., Ngom, P.I., Fadiga, M.S., Badiane, A., Diop-Ba, K., Ndiaye, M., et al. (2014) Vertical Photogrammetric Evaluation of the Soft Tissue Profiles of Two Different Racial Groups: A Comparative Study. International Orthodontics, 12, 443-457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ortho.2014.10.011
Ozdemir, F. and Uzun, A. (2015) Anthropometric Analysis of the Nose in Young Turkish Men and Women. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 43, 1244-1247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2015.05.010
Armijo, B.S., Brown, M. and Guyuron, B. (2012) De-fining the Ideal Nasolabial Angle. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 129, 759-764. https://doi.org/10.1097/prs.0b013e3182402e12
Al-Qattan, M.M., Alsaeed, A.A., Al-Madani, O.K., Al-Amri, N.A. and Al-Dahian, N.A. (2012) Anthropometry of the Saudi Arabian Nose. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 23, 821-824. https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0b013e31824dfa69
Ballin, A.C., Carvalho, B., Dolci, J.E.L., Becker, R., Berger, C. and Mocellin, M. (2018) Anthropometric Study of the Caucasian Nose in the City of Curitiba: Relevance of Population Evaluation. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 84, 486-493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.06.004
Furtado, I.R. (2016) Nasal Morpholo-gy—Harmony and Proportion Applied to Rhinoplasty. Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica (RBCP)—Brazilian Journal of Plastic Surgery, 31, 599-608. https://doi.org/10.5935/2177-1235.2016rbcp0100
Mehta, N. and Srivastava, R.K. (2017) The Indian Nose: An Anthropometric Analysis. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 70, 1472-1482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2017.05.042
Dhulqarnain, A.O., Mokhtari, T., Rastegar, T., Mohammed, I., Ijaz, S. and Has-sanzadeh, G. (2019) Comparison of Nasal Index between Northwestern Nigeria and Northern Iranian Populations: An An-thropometric Study. Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, 19, 596-602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-019-01314-w
Gulzar, S., Hussain, A., Kumar, I.A., Itoo, M.S. and Mir, N.S. (2022) Sexual Dimorphism of Nasal Index, Nasal Breadth and Nasal Height among Young Kashmiri Population. International Jour-nal of Research in Medical Sciences, 10, 1963-1965. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20222273
Franciscus, R.G. and Long, J.C. (1991) Variation in Human Nasal Height and Breadth. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 85, 419-427. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330850406