Kidney Disease and HIV Infection: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects in N’Zérékoré Regional Hospital (Guinea)

HIV infection can affect all organs and renal involvement is common. The prevalence of renal abnormalities has been estimated at approximately 30% of patients. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional descriptive study over a period of six (6) months from April 30, 2017 to October 30, 2017. Results: During our study, 147 HIV-infected patients were registered in the medical department of the Regional Hospital of N’Zérékoré, among which 62% or 42.18% met our criteria and presented kidney disease. The age group of 46 - 55 years was the most represented with a frequency of 48.39%. The average age was 40 ± 6.32 years with extremes of 18 and 62 years. Almost all of our patients had polymorphic clinical manifestations dominated by physical asthenia with 91.94%, followed by fever with 83.87%, headache with 80.65% and diarrhea with 80.65%. The most represented physical sign was the pallor of the tegument and conjunctive with 56.45%, the oedema of the lower limbs with 43.55%. The markers of renal damage in our patients were dominated by proteinuria with 69.35%. Of the 62 patients with kidney disease, 47% or 75.80% were placed in the context of organic kidney damage and the types of damage most represented during our study were glomerular damage with 43.55%, followed by tubule-interstitial damage 22.58%. Chronic renal failure was the most observed type of failure in our patients with 60% against 40% of cases of acute renal failure. Conclusion: Kidney disease is very common and varies during HIV infection. Screening for kidney disease in the HIV population is therefore fundamental because its early diagnosis should allow the identification of patients at high risk of progression of kidney disease but also of hospitalization and mortality.