The lack of Xitsonga technical terminology in specialist subject fields is a predominant drawback for translators. This study explores the translatability of culturally oriented terms on human reproduction and illustrates how the linguistic items impact translation from English into Xitsonga. It employs a descriptive qualitative research method to advance a framework of translating culturally vulgar words in Xitsonga. Data for the study is cross-cultural in nature and was extracted from a Grade 12 Life Sciences textbook through content analysis. Data analysis was carried out through diachronic and synchronic procedures focusing on the affixes to the term conceived through transliteration. The study is underpinned by a neuro-psycho-social theory of speech. The findings indicate problems of word-coinage versus transliteration. The study concludes that, transliteration is a better frame to utter the Xitsonga culturally vulgar words without distorting the source language words and can also serve as a vocabulary builder of acceptable culturally vulgar words within the context of Life Sciences and generally, in the Xitsonga linguistic community.
Cite this paper
Baloyi, M. J. (2023). Transliteration as a Solution to Xitsonga Culturally Vulgar Words Expressing Human Anatomy from English within the Context of Life Sciences. Open Access Library Journal, 10, e094. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1110094.
Haspelmath, M and Tadmor, U. (2009) Loanwords in the World’s Languages: A Comparative Handbook. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110218442
Gao, C. (2013) A Sociolinguistic Study of English Taboo Language. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 3, 2310-2314.
https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.12.2310-2314
Andang, K. and Barli, B. (2018) Swear Words and Their Implications for English Language Learning-Teaching. LLT Journal, 21, 43-49.
http://e-journal.usd.ac.id/index.php/LLT
https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v21iSuppl.1195
Jay, T.B. (1992) Cursing in America: A Psycholinguistic Study of Dirty Language in the Courts, in the Movies, in the Schoolyards and on the Streets. John Benjamins, Amsterdam. https://doi.org/10.1075/z.57
Drößiger, H.H. (2018) On Evaluative Conceptualizations of Swear Words and Invectives. Athens Journal of Philology, 4, 201-218. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajp.4.3.2
ávila-Cabrera, J.J. (2016) The Treatment of Offensive and Taboo Terms in the Subtitling of Reservoir Dogs into Spanish. TRANS: Revista de Traductología, No. 20, 25-40. https://doi.org/10.24310/TRANS.2016.v0i20.3145
Karjalainen, M. (2002) Where Have all the Swearwords Gone? An Analysis of the Loss of Swearwords in Two Swedish Translations of J.D. Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye. URN:NBN:fife20021495.
Nong, S., de Schryver, G.-M. and Prinsloo, D.J. (2002) Loan Words versus Indigenous Words in Northern Sotho—A Lexicographic Perspective. Lexikos, 12, 1-20.
https://doi.org/10.4314/lex.v12i1.51350
Regmi, K., Naidoo, J. and Pilkington, P. (2010) Understanding the Processes of Translation and Transliteration in Qualitative Research. International Institute for Qualitative Methodology, 9, 16-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940691000900103
Al-Azani, S., Kenner, C., Ruby, M. and Gregory, E. (2010) Transliteration as a Bridge for Bilingual Children. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 13, 683-700. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050903406335
Mbananga, N., Mniki, S., Oelefse, A., Makapan, S. and Lubisi, M. (2004) A Model of Developing Medical Terms in Indigenous Languages: A Step Towards Consumer Health Informatics in South Africa. In: Mbananga, N., Ed., MEDINFO 2004, IOS Press, 1216-1218.
Mtintsilana, P.N. and Morris, R. (1988) Terminography in African Languages in South Africa. South African Journal of African Languages, 8, 109-113,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1988.10586760
Mphahlele, M.C. (2004) The Transliteration Principle: Is this the Best Procedure in African Language Lexicography and Terminology? Lexikos, 14, 339-348.
https://doi.org/10.5788/14-0-698
Clitheroe, F., Dempster, E., Doidge, M., Marsden, S., Singleton, N. and Van Aarde, I. (2013) FOCUS: Life Sciences, Learner’s Book, Grade 12. Maskew Miller Longman, Cape Town.
Kruger, H. and Crots, E. (2014) Professional and Personal Ethics in Translation: A Survey of South African Translators’ Strategies and Motivations. Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, 43, 147-181. https://doi.org/10.5842/43-0-613
Primeau, L.L. (2003) Reflections on Self in Qualitative Research: Stories of Family. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 57, 9-16.
https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.57.1.9