[1] | ISO Codes for Country Names Provided by Country Code.
https://countrycode.org
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[2] | Di Bella, G., Flanagan, M., Foda, K., et al. (2022) IMF Report “Natural Gas in Europe—The Potential Impact of Disruptions to Supply”.
https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400215292.001
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[3] | European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas.
https://www.entsog.eu
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[4] | Bailey, S. (2009) Major Russian Gas Pipelines to Europe, Wikimedia Commons, Published under Creative Commons License.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Major_russian_gas_pipelines_to_europe.png
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[5] | REPowerEU: Affordable, Secure and Sustainable Energy for Europe
https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal/repowereu-affordable-secure-and-sustainable-energy-europe_en
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[6] | Press Release Issued by the White House (2022, March 25) FACT SHEET: United States and European Commission Announce Task Force to Reduce Europe’s Dependence on Russian Fossil Fuels”.
https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/03/25/fact-sheet-united-states-and-european-commission-announce-task-force-to-reduce-europes-dependence-on-russian-fossil-fuels
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[7] | Worldometer Website Data, “Eastern European Population”.
https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/eastern-europe-population
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[8] | (January 2022) EU-U.S. LNG Trade-U.S. Liquefied Natural Gas Has the Potential to Help Match EU Gas Nee. European Commission Report.
https://energy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-02/EU-US_LNG_2022_2.pdf
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[9] | Chestney, N. (2022) “FACTBOX Europe’s Alternatives If Russia Shuts off Gas Supplies. Rueters Website.
https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/europes-alternatives-if-russia-shuts-off-gas-supply-2022-09-02
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[10] | Olayele, F.B. (2015) The Geopolitics of Oil and Gas. Proceedings of the 37th IAEE International Conference, New York, 15-18 June 2014, 29-31.
https://avielverbruggen.be/en/publications/climate-energy-nexus/39-20150400-clime-the-geopolitics-of-oil-in-a-carbon-constrained-world-at/file
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[11] | BP Energy Outlook, 2019 Edition.
https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/energy-outlook/bp-energy-outlook-2019.pdf
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[12] | Morrison, L. (2017) Southern Gas Corridor: The Geopolitical and Geo-Economic Implications of an Energy Mega-Project. The Journal of Energy and Development, 43, 251-291. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26539576
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[13] | (2017) Loan Agreement (Trans Anatolia Natural Gas Pipeline Project) between Southern Gas Corridor Joint Stock Company (SGC) and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/970521485530543523/pdf/ITK171540-201700271019.pdf
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[14] | Official Website of Central European Gas Hub (CEGH). https://www.cegh.at
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[15] | Official Website of French Energy Regulatory Commission (CRE).
https://www.cre.fr/en
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[16] | Official Website of Trading Hub Europe (THE). https://www.tradinghub.eu/en-gb
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[17] | Official Website of European Energy Exchange.
https://www.powernext.com/press-release/pegas-supports-french-zone-merger-successful-launch-peg-contracts
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[18] | CRE Report Feb. 2022, “Wholesale Natural Gas Market”.
https://www.cre.fr/en/Natural-gas/wholesale-natural-gas-market
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[19] | The Inter-Continental Exchange (ICE) Insights.
https://www.theice.com/insights/market-pulse/lng-trading-liquidity-hedging-a-new-landscape-for-natural-gas-benchmarks
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[20] | https://egyptoil-gas.com/maps/egypt-oil-and-gas-concession-map-january-2022
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[21] | Dun & Bradstreet (n.d.) Oil And Gas Extraction Companies In Egypt
https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-information.oil_and_gas_extraction.eg.html
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[22] | Official Website of Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC).
http://www.egpc.com.eg
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[23] | Official Website of Egyptian Petroleum Holding Company (Ganope), Established Entity under the Egyptian Petroleum Ministry-Prime Minister Decree No. 1755/2002 in Accordance with Law No. 203/1991 to Manage and Supervise All Petroleum Activities under Latitude Line 28°. https://ganope.com
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[24] | Official Website of Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company (EGAS).
https://www.egas.com.eg
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[25] | Official Website of Gas Regulatory Authority of Egypt (GASREG).
https://www.gasreg.org.eg
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[26] | Laws Published on GASREG Website, Egyptian Gas Law 2018.
https://www.gasreg.org.eg/wp-content/uploads/gasreg_law_en.pdf
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[27] | Shell LNG Outlook 2022 Edition.
https://www.shell.com/energy-and-innovation/natural-gas/liquefied-natural-gas-lng/lng-outlook-2022/_jcr_content/root/main/section_599628081/promo_copy/links/item0.stream/1665743269121/3399fc5b65329ddf5fda80ad6cf2f6eab2abd9e5/shell-lng-outlook-2022.pdf
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[28] | US Department of Transport—National Pipeline Mapping System.
https://www.npms.phmsa.dot.gov/Documents/LNG_AR_National.pdf
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[29] | Euractive (2020) Gas fields and tensions in the eastern Mediterranean.
https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy-environment/news/gas-fields-and-tensions-in-the-eastern-mediterranean
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[30] | Shin, S.Y. and Kim, T. (2021) Eastern Mediterranean Gas Discoveries: Local and Global Impact. Middle East Policy, 28, 135-146.
https://doi.org/10.1111/mepo.12546
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[31] | Aydintasbas, A., Barnes-Dacey, J., Bianco, C., Lovatt, H. and Megerisi, T. (2020, May) Overview: Fear and Loathing in the Eastern Mediterranean.
https://ecfr.eu/special/eastern_med#menuarea
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[32] | TRTWorld (2020) What is at stake in the eastern Mediterranean?
https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/what-is-at-stake-in-the-eastern-mediterranean-39681
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[33] | US Embassy in Egypt.
https://eg.usembassy.gov/amchams-of-egypt-greece-and-cyprus-sign-agreement-to-promote-increased-trade-and-investment-among-the-united-states-egypt-greece-and-cyprus/
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[34] | BCG (2022) East Mediterranean Gas Forum and BCG Announce Second Phase of Long-Term Strategy Project at EGYPS.
https://www.bcg.com/press/14february2022-emgf-bcg-announce-second-phase-long-term-strategy-project-at-egyps
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[35] | Goldthau, A.C., et al. (2020) Leviathan Awakens: Gas Finds, Energy Governance, and the Emergence of the Eastern Mediterranean as a Geopolitical Region. Review of Policy Research. https://doi.org/10.1111/ropr.12387
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