The Application of ENG (Extended Newtonian Gravitation) to Wide Binary Systems

An Extended Newtonian Gravitation (ENG) model previously developed by the author for galaxies and galaxy clusters was applied to wide binary systems where an apparent missing mass problem was found from the Hipparcos and Gaia catalogue. The ENG model shows results consistent with the experimental values of the asymptotic velocity difference between the stars. MOND (as an inertial paradigm) failed to show its asymptotic behavior when its external field effect was considered. It had an almost Newtonian behavior for accelerations well below MOND’s characteristic acceleration. The importance of reducing the uncertainty of the experiments concerning the velocity difference of the wide binary system is remarked because it could provide a solid way to confirm (or falsify) physical hypotheses concerning dark matter and non-Newtonian physics.