The holding tube and heat exchangers are the most significant components in High-Temperature-Short-Time (HTST) pasteurization processes as they ensure that the system adheres to the set temperature and time conditions. The purpose of this study was to visualize the temperature and flow behavior in heat exchangers and the holding tube of the continuous pasteurizer. The pasteurizer consists of three heat exchangers (heating, regeneration, and cooling section) operating on a counter-current flow system. SolidWorks 2019 was used for both modeling and simulation. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in tube-side fluid temperature in the heating and regeneration section. A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in tube-side fluid temperature was also observed in the cooling section. There was no significant variation (p < 0.05) in tube-side and shell-side velocities along with the different passes for all heat exchangers. A significant pressure drop (p < 0.05) was observed with the tube-side and shell-side fluids for all heat exchangers. Simulation of flow in the holding tube revealed that the fluid had relatively uniform velocity (0.086 - 0.129 m/s) and temperature of 87.9°C, but with a reduction in fluid pressure. There are high-pressure drops at the U-bends than along the straight path in the holding tubes. The current design has the potential to facilitate heat transfer and maintain the predetermined holding temperature.
Cite this paper
Baidhe, E. , Kigozi, J. and Balimunsi, H. K. (2022). Visualization of Temperature and Flow Behavior in a Continuous Pasteurizer Using Computation Fluid Dynamics. Open Access Library Journal, 9, e8888. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1108888.
Amit, S.K., Uddin, M.M., Rahman, R., Islam, S.M.R. and Khan, M.S. (2017) A Review on Mechanisms and Commercial Aspects of Food Preservation and Processing. Agriculture & Food Security, 6, Article 51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-017-0130-8
Peng, J., Tang, J., Barrett, D.M., Sablani S.S., Anderson, N. and Powers, J.R. (2017) Thermal Pasteurization of Ready-to-Eat Foods and Vegetables: Critical Factors for Process Design and Effects on Quality. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 57, 2970-2895. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2015.1082126
Indumathy, M., Sobana, S. and Panda, R.C. (2021) Modelling of Fouling in a Plate Heat Exchanger with High Temperature Pasteurisation Process. Applied Thermal Engineering, 189, e116674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116674
Modi, A. and Prajapat, R. (2014) Pasteurization Process Energy Optimization for a Milk Dairy Plant by Energy Audit Approach. International Journal of Sceintific & Technology Research, 3, 181-188.
Escuder-Vieco, D., Espinosa-Martos, I., Rodriguez, J.M., Corzo, N., Montilla, A., Siegfried, P., et al. (2018) High-Temperature Short-Time Pasteurization System for Donor Milk in a Human Milk Bank Setting. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, Article 926. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00926
Ahumuza, A., Nabututa, E., Kigozi, J., Zziwa, A. and Sempiira, E. (2017) Design, Construction and Performance Evaluation of an Automatic Batch Pasteurizer. Journal of Advances in Food Science & Technology, 4, 145-154.
Saha, S. and Majumdar, B. (2012) Flow Visualization and CFD Simulation on 65° Delta Wing at Subsonic Condition. Procedia Engineering, 38, 3086-3096.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.06.359
Bhuvaneswari, E. and Anandharamakrishnan, C. (2014) Heat Transfer Analysis of Pasteurization of Bottled Beer in a Tunnel Pasteurizer Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 23, 156-163.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2014.03.004
Bottani, E., Ferretti, G., Folezzani, M., Manfredi, M., Montanari, R. and Vignali, G. (2012) Modeling and Thermo-Fluid Dynamic Simulation of a Fresh Pasta Pasteurization Process. International Journal of Food Engineering, 9, 327-339.
Bichkar, P., Dandgaval, O., Dalvi, P., Godase, R. and Dey, T. (2018) Study of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger with the Effect of Types of Baffles. Procedia Manufacturing, 20, 195-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.02.028
Adumene, S., Nwaoha, T.C., Ombor, G.P. and Abam, J.T. (2016) Design and Off-Design Performance Evaluation of Heat Exchanger in an Offshore Process Configuration. Open Access Library Journal, 3, e2748.
https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1102748
Kanade, P. and Subramani, A. (2014) Hygienic Design Aspects of Pasteuriser to Assure Effective Pasteurisation of Milk. Journal of Hygienic Engineering and Design, 8, 19-29.
Merritt, K. and Zhao, S. (2021) An Innovative Reflection Based on Critically Applying UX Design Principles. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7, Article 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7020129
Dunlap, S. (2017) Solidworks Fluid Flow Thermal Simulation to Enhance Solid State Drive Design. Master’s Thesis, California State University, Sacramento.
Widiatmo, J.S. and Hendrarsakti, J. (2018) Process Control of Milk Pasteurization using Geothermal Brine with Proportional Controller. 43rd Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford, 12-14 February 2018, 1-10.
López, J., Ratkovich, N. and Pereyra, E. (2020) Analysis of Two-Phase Air-Water Annular Flow in U-Bends. Heliyon, 6, e05818.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05818
Dutta, P. and Nandi, N. (2016) Effect of Bend Curvature on Velocity & Pressure Distribution from Straight to a 90° Pipe Bend-A Numerical Study. REST Journal on Emerging Trends in Modelling and Manufacturing, 2, 103-108.
Zhang, J., Huang, H., Hu, K. and Zhang, P. (2020) Analysis of Elbow Effect on the High Pressure Gas Pipe. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1600, e012087.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1600/1/012087
Kanyiri, C.W., Kinyanjui, M. and Giterere, K. (2014) Analysis of Flow Parameters of a Newtonian Fluid through a Cylindrical Collapsible Tube. SpringerPlus, 3, Article 566. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-566
Nur, A., Afrianita, R. and Ramli, R.D.T.F. (2019) Effect of Pipe Diameter Changes on the Properties of Fluid in Closed Channels Using Osborne Reynold Apparatus. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 602, e012058.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/602/1/012058
Ayegba, P.O., Edomwonyi-Out, L.C., Abubakar, A. and Yusuf. N. (2021) Flow Pattern and Pressure Drop for Oil-Water Flows in and Around 180° Bends. SN Applied Sciences, 3, Article 10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-04031-z
