The objective of the study was to investigate nurses’ awareness of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) in Kakamega county. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study and Quantitative methods were adopted. The study was carried out in hospitals in Kakamega county Kenya. A self-administered questionnaire was used to gather information from randomly selected nurses (n = 130). Data was presented using descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and means and standard deviations for quantitative variables. Chi-square test of independence analysis was used for the assessment of quantitative variable interrelationships. Significance was considered at p ≤ 0.05. The main outcome measures were Sociodemographic data and awareness of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The study showed that 76.9% of the nurses were female while 23.1% were males. The average age of the nurses was 35 years. The nurse’s awareness of WRMSD and its association with working for many years was high (51% and above). From the study 53.8% of the nurses worked for 6 - 8 hours in a day while 46.2% worked for more than 8 hours in a day. The findings also showed that 66.2% attended to more than 15 patients in a day. Analysis showed that there was no significant association (P = 0.40) between any age category and the gender as well as nursing profession. In addition, Chi square test showed that there was statistically significant association (p = 0.00) between the number of years in the profession and the frequency of the nurses per category of work experience. The study concluded that nurses in Kakamega county are moderately aware of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The study recommends retraining and short courses to refresh nurses’ knowledge on WRMSD and best ways of prevention.
Cite this paper
Olutende, M. , Wangui, A. M. , Kaniaru, D. and Wamukoya, E. (2022). Nurses Awareness on Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Kakamega County Kenya. Open Access Library Journal, 9, e8562. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1108562.
Aptel, M., Aublet-Cuvelier, A. and Cnockaert, J. (2002) Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Upper Limb. Joint Bone Spine, 69, 546-555.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1297-319X(02)00450-5
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (2007) Ergonomic Guidelines for Manual Material Handling. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2007-131. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington DC.
WHO (2007) Global Goals for Occupational Health and Safety. Federation Health Safety Internationale. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 32, 74-77.
Smith, D.R. and Leggat, P.A. (2004) Musculoskeletal Disorders among Rural Australian Nursing Students. Australian Journal of Rural Health, 12, 241-245.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1854.2004.00620.x
Leijon, M., Hensing, G. and Alexanderson, K. (2009) Gender Trends in Sick Listing with Musculoskeletal Symptoms in a Swedish County during a Period of Rapid Increase in Sickness Absence. Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine, 24, 56-68.
Holder, N., Clark, J., Di Blasio, J., Hughes, C., Schrpf, J., Harding, L. and Shepard, K. (2009) Cause, Prevalence, and Response to Occupational Musculoskeletal Injuries Reported by Physical Therapists and Physical Therapist Assistants. Physical Therapy, 79, 45-52.
Josephson, M., Lagerstrom, M., Hagberg, M. and Wigaeus, H.E. (1997) Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Job Strain among Nursing Personnel: A Study over a Three-Year Period. Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 54, 681-685.
https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.54.9.681
Trinkoff, A.M., Lipscomb, J.A., Geiger-Brown, J. and Storr, C.L. (2009) Perceived Physical Demands and Reported Musculoskeletal Problems in Registered Nurses. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 24, 270-275.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00639-6
Zurbrüg, C. (2004). Urban Solid Waste Management in Low-Income Countries of Asia. How to Cope with the Garbage Crisis. Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE), Urban Solid Waste Management Review Session, Durban, November 2002, 1-13.
Embriaco, N., Papazian, L., Kentish-Barnes, N., Pochard, F. and Azoulay, E. (2007) Burnout Syndrome among Critical Care Healthcare Workers. Current Opinion in Critical Care, 13, 482-488. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCC.0b013e3282efd28a
Popa, F., Raed, A. and Purcarea, V. (2010) Occupational Burnout Levels in Emergency Medicine: A Nationwide Study and Analysis. Journal of Medicine and Life, 3, 207-215.
Jourdain, G. and Chênevert, D. (2010) Job Demands—Resources, Burnout and Intention to Leave the Nursing Profession: A Questionnaire Survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47, 709-722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.11.007
Sundin, L. (2009) Work Related Social Support Job Demands and Burnout, Studies of Swedish Workers, Predominantly Employed Health Care. Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
Wu, H., Sun, W. and Wang, L. (2011). Factors Associated with Occupational Stress among Chinese Female Emergency Nurses. Emergency Medicine Journal, 29, 554-558. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2010.094391
Wiegmann, D.A., Thaden, T.L.V. and Gibbons, A.M. (2007). A Review of Safety Culture Theory and Its Potential Application to Traffic Safety. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, Washington DC.
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.170.2219&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Smith, D.R., Choi, J.W., Ki, M., Kim, J.Y. and Yamagata, Z. (2003) Musculoskeletal Disorders among Staff in South Korea’s Largest Nursing Home. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 8, Article No. 23.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02897940
Kee, D. and Seo, S.R. (2007) Musculoskeletal Disorders among Nursing Personnel in Korea. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 37, 207-212.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2006.10.020
Elkahlout, G. and Algaed, A. (2003) The Effect of Some Socio-Demographic Factors on Job Stress Level in Nursing Work. Umm Al-Qura University Journal of Educational and Social Sciences and Humanities, 15, 34-53.
Iglesias, M., Vallejo, B. and Fuentes, P. (2010) The Relationship between Experiential Avoidance and Burnout Syndrome in Critical Care Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47, 30-37.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.06.014
Adriaenssens, J., De gucht, V., Dan, der doef, M. and Maes, S. (2011) Exploring the Burden of Emergency Care: Predictors of Stress-Health Outcomes in Emergency Nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 6, 1317-1328.
Akello, J.M. (2013) Analysis of Musculoskeletal Disorders amongst Nurses: A Case Study of Kenyatta National Hospital. Master of Science in Occupational Safety and Health, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja.
Munabi, I.G., William, B., David, L.K., Joseph, O. and Erisa, S.M. (2014) Musculoskeletal Disorder Risk Factors among Nursing Professionals in Low Resource Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study in Uganda. BMC Nursing, 13, Article No. 7.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6955-13-7
Lockley, S.W., Barger, L.K., Ayas, N.T., Rothschild, J.M., Czeisler, C.A. and Landrigan, C.P. (2007) Effects of Health Care Provider Work Hours and Sleep Deprivation on Safety and Performance. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 33, 7-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1553-7250(07)33109-7