全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

Plastic Waste Pollution Worsen by the COVID-19 Pandemic: Substitutional Technologies Transforming Plastic Waste to Value Added Products

DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1107622, PP. 1-12

Subject Areas: Chemical Engineering & Technology

Keywords: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Plastic Waste, Medical Waste, Waste Management, Value-Added Product

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract

Throughout the world, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic possesses an enormous effect on the plastic waste management because of the unexpected flow of medical waste that has been conducted to a universal waste management calamity. Inappropriate handling of plastic waste could conduct to numerous unwanted effects on nature, animals, and human beings. Nevertheless, following appropriate waste management and the valid techniques, considering in a dissimilar manner of the existing catastrophe would be a chance. Approximately 40% of the plastic waste ended up in landfill, 25% incinerated, 16% recycled and the remaining 19% are discharged into nature. The augmentation of plastic wastes and demand of plastic markets work as a good economic measure for investors and government initiatives to invest in techniques that transform plastic waste into value-added products like fuel and construction materials. This will close the loop of the life cycle of plastic waste via attaining a sustainable circular economy. This short discussion furnishes insight of the state of plastic waste before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The treatment route of plastic waste like sterilization technology, incineration, and substitutional techniques obtainable in transforming plastic waste into value-added products are briefly assessed. More performant, flexible and advanced technologies of dealing with the plastic wastes under dangerous catastrophes ought to be continuously suggested. Every action followed will participate to the importance of such problem since this is a key aim of the community to safe a cleaner and greener nature.

Cite this paper

Ghernaout, D. and Elboughdiri, N. (2021). Plastic Waste Pollution Worsen by the COVID-19 Pandemic: Substitutional Technologies Transforming Plastic Waste to Value Added Products. Open Access Library Journal, 8, e7622. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1107622.

References

[1]  Khoo, K.S., Ho, L.Y., Lim, H.R., Leong, H.Y. and Chew, K.W. (2021) Plastic Waste Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: Crisis or Opportunity? Journal of Hazardous Materials, 417, Article ID: 126108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126108
[2]  Gorbalenya, A.E., Koonin, E.V., Donchenko, A.P. and Blinov, V.M. (1989) Coronavirus Genome: Prediction of Putative Functional Domains in the Non-Structural Polyprotein by Comparative Amino Acid Sequence Analysis. Nucleic Acids Research, 17, 4847-4861. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.12.4847
[3]  Ghernaout, D. and Elboughdiri, N. (2021) Searching If SARS-CoV-2 Subsists Following the Disinfection of Potable Water. Open Access Library Journal, 8, e7505. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1107505
[4]  Zhou, P., Yang, X.L., Wang, X.G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.R., Zhu, Y., Li, B., Huang, C.L., Chen, H.D., Chen, J., Luo, Y., Guo, H., Jiang, C.L., Liu, M.Q., Chen, Y., Shen, X.R., Wang, X., Zheng, X.S., Zhao, K., Chen, Q.J., Deng, F., Liu, L.L., Yan, B., Zhan, F.X., Wang, Y.Y., Xiao, G.F. and Shi, Z.L. (2020) A Pneumonia Outbreak Associated with a New Coronavirus of Probable Bat Origin, Nature, 579, 270-273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7
[5]  Morawska, L., Tang, J.W., Bahnfleth, W., Bluyssen, P.M., Boerstra, A., Buonanno, G., Cao, J., Dancer, S., Floto, A., Franchimon, F., Haworth, C., Hogeling, J., Isaxon, C., Jimenez, J.L., Kurnitski, J., Li, Y., Loomans, M., Marks, G., Marr, L.C., Mazzarella, L., Melikov, A.K., Miller, S., Milton, D.K., Nazaroff, W., Nielsen, P.V., Noakes, C., Peccia, J., Querol, X., Sekhar, C., Seppänen, O., Tanabe, S.I., Tellier, R., Tham, K.W., Wargocki, P., Wierzbicka, A. and Yao, M. (2020) How Can Airborne Transmission of COVID-19 Indoors Be Minimised? Environment International, 142, Article ID: 105832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105832
[6]  Ghernaout, D. and Elboughdiri, N. (2021) Exploring What Lies Ahead in the Field of Disinfecting Coronavirus. Open Access Library Journal, 8, e7487. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1107487
[7]  Ghernaout, D. and Elboughdiri, N. (2020) Urgent Proposals for Disinfecting Hospital Wastewaters during COVID-19 Pandemic. Open Access Library Journal, 7, e6373. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106373
[8]  Ghernaout, D. and Ghernaout, B. (2020) Controlling COVID-19 Pandemic through Wastewater Monitoring. Open Access Library Journal, 7, e6411. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106411
[9]  Ghernaout, D. and Elboughdiri, N. (2020) Disinfecting Water: Plasma Discharge for Removing Coronaviruses. Open Access Library Journal, 7, e6314. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106314
[10]  Acter, T., Uddin, N., Das, J., Akhter, A., Choudhury, T.R. and Kim, S. (2020) Evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Global Health Emergency. Science of the Total Environment, 730, Article ID: 138996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138996
[11]  Chen, W.Q., Ciacci, L., Sun, N.N. and Yoshioka, T. (2020) Sustainable Cycles and Management of Plastics: A Brief Review of RCR Publications in 2019 and Early 2020. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 159, Article ID: 104822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104822
[12]  Saadat, S., Rawtani, D. and Hussain, C.M. (2020) Environmental Perspective of COVID-19. Science of the Total Environment, 728, Article ID: 138870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138870
[13]  Kalina, M. and Tilley, E. (2020) “This Is Our Next Problem”: Cleaning Up from the COVID-19 Response. Waste Management, 108, 202-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.006
[14]  Alfarisi, S. and Sutopo, W. (2019) Simulation of Green Operations Supply Chain in Waste of Plastic. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 495, Article ID: 012080. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/495/1/012080
[15]  Ragaert, K., Delva, L. and van Geem, K. (2017) Mechanical and Chemical Recycling of Solid Plastic Waste. Waste Management, 69, 24-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.07.044
[16]  Miandad, R., Barakat, M.A., Rehan, M., Aburiazaiza, A.S., Ismail, I.M.I. and Nizami, A.S. (2017) Plastic Waste to Liquid Oil through Catalytic Pyrolysis Using Natural and Synthetic Zeolite Catalysts. Waste Management, 69, 66-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.08.032
[17]  Owusu, P.A., Banadda, N., Zziwa, A., Seay, J. and Kiggundu, N. (2018) Reverse Engineering of Plastic Waste into Useful Fuel Products. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 130, 285-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2017.12.020
[18]  Xu, F., Wang, B., Yang, D., Hao, J., Qiao, Y. and Tian, Y. (2018) Thermal Degradation of Typical Plastics under High Heating Rate Conditions by TG-FTIR: Pyrolysis Behaviors and Kinetic Analysis. Energy Conversion and Management, 171, 1106- 1115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.06.047
[19]  Ding, K., Liu, S., Huang, Y., Liu, S., Zhou, N., Peng, P., Wang, Y., Chen, P. and Ruan, R. (2019) Catalytic Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste over NiO and HY for Gasoline-Range Hydrocarbons Production. Energy Conversion and Management, 196, 1316-1325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.07.001
[20]  Wong, S.L., Ngadi, N., Abdullah, T.A.T. and Inuwa, I.M. (2015) Current State and Future Prospects of Plastic Waste as Source of Fuel: A Review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50, 1167-1180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.063
[21]  Miandad, R., Barakat, M.A., Aburiazaiza, A.S., Rehan, M., Ismail, I.M.I. and Nizami, A.S. (2016) Effect of Plastic Waste Types on Pyrolysis Liquid Oil. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 119, 239-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.09.017
[22]  Mahari, W.A.W., Chong, C.T., Cheng, C.K., Lee, C.L., Hendrata, K., Yek, P.N.Y., Ma, N.L. and Lam, S.S. (2018) Production of Value-Added Liquid Fuel via Microwave Co-Pyrolysis of Used Frying Oil and Plastic Waste. Energy, 162, 309-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.002
[23]  Ghernaout, D. and Elboughdiri, N. (2020) UV-C/H2O2 and Sunlight/H2O2 in the Core of the Best Available Technologies for Dealing with Present Dares in Domestic Wastewater Reuse. Open Access Library Journal, 7, e6161. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106161
[24]  Santaweesuk, C. and Janyalertadun, A. (2017) The Production of Fuel Oil by Conventional Slow Pyrolysis Using Plastic Waste from a Municipal Landfill. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 8, 168-173. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2017.8.3.941
[25]  Ghernaout, D. (2019) Greening Cold Fusion as an Energy Source for Water Treatment Distillation—A Perspective. American Journal of Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Spectroscopy, 3, 1-5.
[26]  Arulrajah, A., Yaghoubi, E., Wong, Y.C. and Horpibulsuk, S. (2017) Recycled Plastic Granules and Demolition Wastes as Construction Materials: Resilient Moduli and Strength Characteristics. Construction and Building Materials, 147, 639-647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.178
[27]  Jassim, A.K. (2017) Recycling of Polyethylene Waste to Produce Plastic Cement. Procedia Manufacturing, 8, 635-642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.02.081
[28]  Bhogayata, A.C. and Arora, N.K. (2019) Utilization of Metalized Plastic Waste of Food Packaging Articles in Geopolymer Concrete. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 21, 1014-1026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-019-00859-9
[29]  Thorneycroft, J., Orr, J., Savoikar, P. and Ball, R.J. (2018) Performance of Structural Concrete with Recycled Plastic Waste as a Partial Replacement for Sand. Construction and Building Materials, 161, 63-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.11.127
[30]  Pandey, S., Karakoti, M., Dhali, S., Karki, N., SanthiBhushan, B., Tewari, C., Rana, S., Srivastava, A., Melkani, A.B. and Sahoo, N.G. (2019) Bulk Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets from Plastic Waste: An Invincible Method of Solid Waste Management for Better Tomorrow. Waste Management, 88, 48-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.023
[31]  Veksha, A., Giannis, A. and Chang, V.W.C. (2017) Conversion of Non-Condensable Pyrolysis Gases from Plastics into Carbon Nanomaterials: Effects of Feedstock and Temperature. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 124, 16-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2017.03.005
[32]  El-Sayed, E.-S.M. and Yuan, D. (2020) Waste to MOFs: Sustainable Linker, Metal, and Solvent Sources for Value-Added MOF Synthesis and Applications. Green Chemistry, 22, 4082-4104. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0GC00353K
[33]  Ghernaout, D. (2017) Environmental Principles in the Holy Koran and the Sayings of the Prophet Muhammad. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 6, 75-79. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20170603.13
[34]  Ghernaout, D., Ghernaout, B. and Naceur, M.W. (2011) Embodying the Chemical Water Treatment in the Green Chemistry—A Review. Desalination, 271, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.01.032
[35]  Ghernaout, D. (2013) The Best Available Technology of Water/Wastewater Treatment and Seawater Desalination: Simulation of the Open Sky Seawater Distillation. Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 3, 68-88. https://doi.org/10.4236/gsc.2013.32012
[36]  Ghernaout, D. and Elboughdiri, N. (2020) Eliminating Cyanobacteria and Controlling Algal Organic Matter—Short Notes. Open Access Library Journal, 7, e6252. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106252
[37]  Ghernaout, D. and Ghernaout, B. (2012) On the Concept of the Future Drinking Water Treatment Plant: Algae Harvesting from the Algal Biomass for Biodiesel Production—A Review. Desalination and Water Treatment, 49, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2012.708191
[38]  Al Arni, S., Amous, J. and Ghernaout, D. (2019) On the Perspective of Applying of a New Method for Wastewater Treatment Technology: Modification of the Third Traditional Stage with Two Units, One by Cultivating Microalgae and Another by Solar Vaporization. International Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources, 16, Article ID: 555934. https://doi.org/10.19080/IJESNR.2019.16.555934
[39]  Ghernaout, D. and Elboughdiri, N. (2020) Domestic Wastewater Treatment: Difficulties and Reasons, and Prospective Solutions—China as an Example. Open Access Library Journal, 7, e6141.
[40]  Ghernaout, D. and Elboughdiri, N. (2020) Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment: Facts and Future Trends. Open Access Library Journal, 7, e6139.
[41]  Ghernaout, D. and Elboughdiri, N. (2020) On the Treatment Trains for Municipal Wastewater Reuse for Irrigation. Open Access Library Journal, 7, e6088.

Full-Text


comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133

WeChat 1538708413