This study highlights the relation between organizational learning and transformational leadership, recognizes the significance of transformational leadership and explores its association with organizational learning. Organizations can become more competitive by bridging the gap between the existing transformational leadership talents, skills and the organizational learning levels based on the leaders’ commitment and dedication that gives a new life to an organization. Some leaders have better capabilities and capacities to make their organizations more competitive as compared to others, and they do so by focusing on important factors, which improve organizational learning. Their aim is reinforcement of transformational leadership and improving the organizational members’ learning processes and competences to help them adapt to changes taking place in the business environment for achieving learning that results in organizational excellence. For exploring learning issues, results mentioned in the previous literature indicate that a positive relation exists between organizational learning and transformational leadership, while the former directly affects the development of creativity, skills, innovation, and capabilities.
Cite this paper
Mohamed, I. A. H. and Otman, N. M. M. (2021). Exploring the Link between Organizational Learning and Transformational Leadership: A Review. Open Access Library Journal, 8, e7242. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1107242.
Bass, B.M. (1990) From Transactional to Transformational Leadership: Learning to Share the Vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18, 19-31.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(90)90061-S
Brix, J. (2017) Exploring Knowledge Creation Processes as a Source of Organizational Learning: A Longitudinal Case Study of a Public Innovation Project. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 33, 113-127.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2017.05.001
Weed-Schertzer, B. (2020) Tools for Knowledge and Organizational Learning. In: (II) Logical Knowledge Management, Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, 83-117.
https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83867-803-620201003
Iscan, Ö.F., Ersari, G. and Naktiyok, A. (2014) Effect of Leadership Style on Perceived Organizational Performance and Innovation: The Role of Transformational Leadership beyond the Impact of Transactional Leadership—An Application among Turkish SME’s. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 881-889.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.097
Chatbury, A., Beaty, D. and Kriek, H.S. (2011) Servant Leadership, Trust and Implications for the “Base-of-the-Pyramid” Segment in South Africa. South African Journal of Business Management, 42, 5761. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v42i4.505
Bedeian, A.G. and Hunt, J.G. (2006) Academic Amnesia and Vestigial Assumptions of Our Forefathers. The Leadership Quarterly, 17, 190-205.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2005.12.006
House, R.J. and Aditya, R.N. (1997) The Social Scientific Study of Leadership: Quo Vadis? Journal of Management, 23, 409-473.
https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639702300306
Vera, D. and Crossan, M. (2004) Strategic Leadership and Organizational Learning. Academy of Management Review, 29, 222-240.
https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2004.12736080
Dinh, J.E., Lord, R.G., Gardner, W.L., Meuser, J.D., Liden, R.C. and Hu, J. (2014) Leadership Theory and Research in the New Millennium: Current Theoretical Trends and Changing Perspectives. The Leadership Quarterly, 25, 36-62.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.005
Raes, E., Decuyper, S., Lismont, B., Van den Bossche, P., Kyndt, E., Demeyere, S. and Dochy, F. (2013) Facilitating Team Learning through Transformational Leadership. Instructional Science, 41, 287-305.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-012-9228-3
Robbins, P. and O’Gorman, C. (2012) Team Leadership and Managing for Innovation: A Case Study of Competing Teams in a Global Firm. ISPIM Conference Proceedings, Manchester, 28 January 2012, 1.
Leithwood, K. and Sun, J. (2012) The Nature and Effects of Transformational School Leadership: A Meta-Analytic Review of Unpublished Research. Educational Administration Quarterly, 48, 387-423. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X11436268
Jiang, W., Gu, Q. and Wang, G.G. (2015) To Guide or to Divide: The Dual-Side Effects of Transformational Leadership on Team Innovation. Journal of Business and Psychology, 30, 677-691. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-014-9395-0
Lewin, K., Lippitt, R. and White, R.K. (1939) Patterns of Aggressive Behavior in Experimentally Created “Social Climates”. The Journal of Social Psychology, 10, 269-299. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1939.9713366
Antonakis, J., Cianciolo, A.T., Sternberg, R.J., Bass, B., Bass, R., Bryman, A. and Jackson, B. (2011) Resources for Studying Leadership. In: A Very Short Fairly Interesting and Reasonably Cheap Book about Studying Leadership, SAGE Publications Ltd., London, 152.
Fiedler, F.R.E.D. (2015) Contingency Theory of Leadership. In: Organizational Behavior 1: Essential Theories of Motivation and Leadership, Routledge, London, 232.
Khanin, D. (2007) Contrasting Burns and Bass: Does the Transactional-Transformational Paradigm Live Up to Burns’ Philosophy of Transforming Leadership? Journal of Leadership Studies, 1, 7-25. https://doi.org/10.1002/jls.20022
Sadeghi, A. and Pihie, Z.A.L. (2012) Transformational Leadership and Its Predictive Effects on Leadership Effectiveness. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3, 186-197.
Avolio, B.J. and Bass, B.M. (1995) Individual Consideration Viewed at Multiple Levels of Analysis: A Multi-Level Framework for Examining the Diffusion of Transformational Leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 6, 199-218.
https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(95)90035-7
Odumeru, J.A. and Ogbonna, I.G. (2013) Transformational vs. Transactional Leadership Theories: Evidence in Literature. International Review of Management and Business Research, 2, 355.
Zdaniuk, A. and Bobocel, D.R. (2015) The Role of Idealized Influence Leadership in Promoting Workplace Forgiveness. The Leadership Quarterly, 26, 863-877.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.06.008
Rijal, S. (2010) Leadership Style and Organizational Culture in Learning Organization: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Management & Information Systems (IJMIS), 14, 119-128. https://doi.org/10.19030/ijmis.v14i5.19
Antonakis, J., Avolio, B.J. and Sivasubramaniam, N. (2003) Context and Leadership: An Examination of the Nine-Factor Full-Range Leadership Theory Using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 261-295.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(03)00030-4
Kurland, H., Peretz, H. and Hertz-Lazarowitz, R. (2010) Leadership Style and Organizational Learning: The Mediate Effect of School Vision. Journal of Educational Administration, 48, 7-30. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578231011015395
Rafferty, A.E. and Griffin, M.A. (2004) Dimensions of Transformational Leadership: Conceptual and Empirical Extensions. The Leadership Quarterly, 15, 329-354.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.02.009
Avolio, B.J., Bass, B.M. and Jung, D.I. (1999) Re-Examining the Components of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Using the Multifactor Leadership. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72, 441-462.
https://doi.org/10.1348/096317999166789
García-Morales, V.J., Lloréns-Montes, F.J. and Verdú-Jover, A.J. (2008) The Effects of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance through Knowledge and Innovation. British Journal of Management, 19, 299-319.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2007.00547.x
Easterby-Smith, M. and Lyles, M. (2003) Re-Reading Organizational Learning: Selective Memory, Forgetting, and Adaptation. Academy of Management Perspectives, 17, 51-55. https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.2003.10025192
March, J.G. and Olsen, J.P. (1975) The Uncertainty of the Past: Organizational Learning under Ambiguity. European Journal of Political Research, 3, 147-171.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.1975.tb00521.x
Tushman, M., Tushman, M.L. and O’Reilly, C.A. (2002) Winning through Innovation: A Practical Guide to Leading Organizational Change and Renewal. Harvard Business Press, Cambridge.
Benner, M.J. and Tushman, M.L. (2003) Exploitation, Exploration, and Process Management: The Productivity Dilemma Revisited. Academy of Management Review, 28, 238-256. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2003.9416096
Lewin, A.Y., Long, C.P. and Carroll, T.N. (1999) The Coevolution of New Organizational Forms. Organization Science, 10, 535-550.
https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.10.5.535
Mohamed, I.A. (2017) Some Issues in the Institutional Theory: A Critical Analysis. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 6, 150-156.
Crossan, M.M., Lane, H.W. and White, R.E. (1999) An Organizational Learning Framework: From Intuition to Institution. Academy of Management Review, 24, 522-537. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1999.2202135
Sessa, V.I. and London, M. (2015) Continuous Learning in Organizations: Individual, Group, and Organizational Perspectives. Psychology Press, Hove.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315820941
Proctor, T. (2018) Creative Problem Solving for Managers: Developing Skills for Decision Making and Innovation. Routledge, London.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429458255
West, P. (1994) The Concept of the Learning Organization. Journal of European Industrial Training, 18, 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090599410054308
Johnson, J.R. (2002) Leading the Learning Organization: Portrait of Four Leaders. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 23, 241-249.
https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730210435956
Easterby-Smith, M. (1997) Disciplines of Organizational Learning: Contributions and Critiques. Human Relations, 50, 1085-1113.
https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679705000903
Örtenblad, A. (2001) On Differences between Organizational Learning and Learning Organization. The Learning Organization, 8, 125-133.
https://doi.org/10.1108/09696470110391211
Bass, B.M. (1999) Two Decades of Research and Development in Transformational Leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8, 9-32.
https://doi.org/10.1080/135943299398410
Edmondson, A. and Moingeon, B. (1999) Learning, Trust and Organizational Change: Contrasting Models of Intervention Research in Organizational Behaviour. In: Easterby-Smith, M., Burgoyne, J. and Araujo, L., Eds., Organizational Learning and the Learning Organization: Developments in Theory and Practice, Sage, London, 157-175.
Ben-Horin Naot, Y., Lipshitz, R. and Popper, M. (2003) High-Quality Organizational Learning: A Grounded Theory Approach. 5th Organizational Learning & Knowledge Conference, Lancaster, 30.
Birkinshaw, J. and Gibson, C.B. (2004) Building an Ambidextrous Organization. Advanced Institute of Management Research Paper, (003).
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1306922
Rosenkopf, L. and Nerkar, A. (2001) Beyond Local Search: Boundary-Spanning, Exploration, and Impact in the Optical Disk Industry. Strategic Management Journal, 22, 287-306. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.160
Amitay, M., Popper, M. and Lipshitz, R. (2005) Leadership Styles and Organizational Learning in Community Clinics. The Learning Organization, 12, 57-70.
https://doi.org/10.1108/09696470510574269
Edmondson, A. (1999) Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 350-383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999
Slater, S.F. and Narver, J.C. (1995) Market Orientation and the Learning Organization. Journal of Marketing, 59, 63-74. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299505900306
Marquardt, M.J. (1996) Building the Learning Organization: A Systems Approach to Quantum Improvement and Global Success. McGraw-Hill Companies, London.
Nafei, W.A., Khanfar, N.M. and Kaifi, B.A. (2012) Leadership Styles and Organizational Learning an Empirical Study on Saudi Banks in Al-Taif Governorate Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Management and Strategy, 3, 2.
https://doi.org/10.5430/jms.v3n1p2
Sahaya, N. (2012) A Learning Organization as a Mediator of Leadership Style and Firms’ Financial Performance. International Journal of Business and Management, 7, 96. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v7n14p96
Lam, Y.J. (2002) Defining the Effects of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Learning: A Cross-Cultural Comparison. School Leadership & Management, 22, 439-452. https://doi.org/10.1080/1363243022000053448
Baby, G. and Varghese, K.G. (2016) Transformational Leadership and Learning Organization: A Study with Special Reference to the Organizational Leadership in Kerala. Doctoral Dissertation, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi.
Megheirkouni, M. (2017) Leadership Styles and Organizational Learning in UK For-Profit and Non-Profit Sports Organizations. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 25, 596-612. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-07-2016-1042
Abazeed, R.A.M. (2018) Impact of Transformational Leadership Style on Organizational Learning in the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology in Jordan. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 9, 118-129.
Hashemi, Z.H., Saadi, H. and Movahedi, R. (2019) The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Learning Organization (Case Study: Agricultural Jihad Organization of Isfahan Province).
Xie, L. (2020) The Impact of Servant Leadership and Transformational Leadership on Learning Organization: A Comparative Analysis. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 41, 220-236. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-04-2019-0148
Espejo, F.H.S. and Flores, E. (2021) Knowledge Management and Teamwork in Organizational Learning in Educational Institutions of Network No. 02, Lima. Psychology and Education Journal, 58, 5245-5259.