全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

An Experimental Comparative Analysis of Twist Drilling, Helical Milling and Pilot Hole Machining for Large Diameters in CFRPs

DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1107205, PP. 1-19

Subject Areas: Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering

Keywords: CFRP Composite, Helical Milling, Thrust Force, Delamination, Hole Quality

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) large diameter hole drilling is certifiably not a broadly examined theme on account of their non-homogeneity and anisotropic highlights. In the scope of aerospace industrial uses of this material, thousands of holes have to be machined for purposes of assembly. The quality of this machined hole is influenced adversely by matrix grid cratering, thermal damage, spalling, surface delamination, and material debasement or fiber pullout. Among these different deformities, delamination is considered the most severe for CFRP composite. The main objective of this work is to compare twist drilling, helical milling and pilot hole machining technologies concerning unidirectional CFRP composite. In addition, the force modules were also discussed. In the scope of this work, numerous machining experiments were conducted in unidirectional CFRP composite: herein the impact of the type of cutting tool and of process parameters on the quality of machined holes are analysed and discussed (diameter of holes, circularity error and characteristics of uncut fibres). In other to achieve a better hole quality, the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and evaluation of acquired data were conducted. Experimental results show holes machined using twist drilling method present the lowest-quality, with damages present at the tool entry and exit as compared to the other studied methods. This study intended to help in assisting technicians working on assembly large structural parts in aircraft or automobile industries in choosing the best hole machining procedure when this three are in consideration.

Cite this paper

Haruna, A. Y. and Wang, G. D. (2021). An Experimental Comparative Analysis of Twist Drilling, Helical Milling and Pilot Hole Machining for Large Diameters in CFRPs. Open Access Library Journal, 8, e7205. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1107205.

References

[1]  Soutis, C. (2005) Fibre Reinforced Composites in Aircraft Construction. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 41, 143-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2005.02.004
[2]  Durão, L.M.P., Gonçalves, D., Tavares, J.M.R.S., de Albuquerque, V.H.C., de Aguiar Vieira, A.M.R. and Baptista, A.P.M. (2014) Delamination in Carbon/Epoxy Plates Drilling: Tool and Feed Rate Effect. International Journal of Materials and Product Technology, 49, 267-284. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMPT.2014.064935
[3]  Liu, D., Tang, Y. and Cong, W.L. (2012) A Review of Mechanical Drilling for Composite Laminates. Composite Structures, 94, 1265-1279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.11.024
[4]  Makhdum, F., Roy, A., Silberschmidt, V.V. and Phadnis, V.A. (2013) Drilling in Carbon/Epoxy Composites: Experimental Investigations and Finite Element Implementation. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 47, 41-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.11.020
[5]  Balasubramanian, K., Sultan, M.T.H. and Rajeswari, N. (2018) Manufacturing Techniques of Composites for Aerospace Applications. In: Jawaid, M. and Thariq, M., Eds., Sustainable Composites for Aerospace Applications, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 55-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102131-6.00004-9
[6]  Xu, J., Mkaddem, A. and El Mansori, M. (2016) Recent Advances in Drilling Hybrid FRP/Ti Composite: A State-of-the-Art Review. Composite Structures, 135, 316-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.09.028
[7]  Tonshoff, H., Friemuth, T., Andrae, P. and Groppe, M. (2000) Circular Milling Replacing Drilling and Reaming. Proceedings of II International Seminar on Improving Machine Tool Performance, 3-5 July 2000, Nantes-La Baule, France, 18 Seiten.
[8]  Wang, G.D., Melly, S.K., Li, N., Peng, T. and Li, Y. (2018) Research on Milling Strategies to Reduce Delamination Damage during Machining of Holes in CFRP/Ti Stack. Composite Structures, 200, 679-688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.06.011
[9]  Shan, Y., He, N., Li, L., Zhao, W. and Qin, X. (2011) Orbital Milling Hole of Aerospace Al-Alloy with Big Pitch. Transactions of Tianjin University, 17, 329-335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-011-1637-x
[10]  Tsao, C.C. and Hocheng, H. (2005) The Path towards Delamination-Free Drilling of Composite Materials. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 167, 251-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.06.039
[11]  Rahmé, P., Landon, Y., Lagarrigue, P., Piquet, R. and Lachaud, F. (2008) Study into Causes of Damage to Carbon Epoxy Composite Material during the Drilling Process. International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials, 3, 309-325. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMMM.2008.020966
[12]  Hocheng, H. and Dhara, C.H.K. (1990) Delamination during Drilling in Composite Laminates. Journal of Engineering for Industry, 112, 236-239. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2899580
[13]  Khashaba, U.A. (2012) Drilling of Polymer Matrix Composites: A Review. Journal of Composite Materials, 47, 1817-1832.
[14]  Rahmé, P., Landon, Y., Lagarrigue, P., Piquet, R., Lachaud, F., Marguet, B., Bourriquet, J. and Le Roy, C. (2009) Chisel Edge Effect on Delamination When Drilling Thick Composite Materials with a Twist Drill. SAE International Journal of Aerospace, 1, 776-781. https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2301
[15]  Iyer, R., Koshy, P. and Ng, E. (2007) Helical Milling: An Enabling Technology for Hard Machining Precision Holes in AISI D2 Tool Steel. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 47, 205-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2006.04.006
[16]  Liu, Y.P., Wang, F.J., Jing, X.B., Zhang, D.W., Liu, X.P. and Tian, Y.L. (2017) Modeling and Analyses of Helical Milling Process. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 90, 1003-1022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-9418-2
[17]  He, N., Li, L., Zhao, W., Yang, Y.F. and Shan, Y.C. (2013) Vector Modeling of Robotic Helical Milling Hole Movement and Theoretical Analysis on Roughness of Hole Surface. Journal of Central South University, 20, 1818-1824. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-013-1678-5
[18]  Reis, L.R., Cunha, A.A., Paulo, P.A., Roberto, F.J., Paulo, D.J. and Dutra, P.R.B. (2017) Multi-Objective Robust Optimization of the Sustainable Helical Milling Process of the Aluminum Alloy Al 7075 Using the Augmented-Enhanced Normalized Normal Constraint Method. Journal of Cleaner Production, 152, 474-496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.121
[19]  Tsao, C.C. and Hocheng, H. (2013) The Effect of Chisel Length and Associated Pilot Hole on Delamination When Drilling Composite Materials. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 43, 1087-1092. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-6955(03)00127-5
[20]  Tsao, C.C. (2006) The Effect of Pilot Hole on Delamination When Core Drill Drilling Composite Materials. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 46, 1653-1661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2005.08.015
[21]  Tsao, C.C. (2007) Effect of Pilot Hole on Thrust Force by Saw Drill. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 47, 2172-2176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2007.05.008
[22]  Landon, Y., Piquet, R., Lachaud, F., et al. (2014) Drilling of Thick Composite Structures with Pilot Hole Using a Twist Drill. 16th European Conference on Composite Materials, Seville, 22-28 June 2014.
[23]  Won, M.S. and Dharan, C.K.H. (2002) Chisel Edge and Pilot Hole Effects in Drilling Composite Laminates. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Transactions of the ASME, 124, 242-247. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1448317
[24]  Brinksmeier, E. and Janssen, R. (2002) Drilling of Multi-Layer Composite Materials Consisting of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP), Titanium and Aluminum Alloys. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology, 51, 87-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)61472-3
[25]  Marquestal, A.T., Durao, L.M., Magalhaes, A.G., et al. (2009) Delamination Analysis of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Laminates: Evaluation of a Special Step Drill. Composites Science and Technology, 69, 2376-2382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.01.025
[26]  Qiu, X.Y., Li, P.N., Niu, Q.L., Chen, A.H., et al. (2018) Influence of Machining Parameters and Tool Structure on Cutting Force and Hole Wall Damage in Drilling CFRP with Stepped Drills. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 97, 857-865. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-1981-2
[27]  Wang, G.D. and Kirwa, M.S. (2017) Comparisons of the Use of Twist, Pilot-Hole and Step-Drill on Influence of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Drilling Hole Quality. Journal of Composite Materials, 52, 1465-1480. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998317726366
[28]  Pereszlai, C. and Geier, N. (2020) Comparative Analysis of Wobble Milling, Helical Milling and Conventional Drilling of CFRPs. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 106, 3913-3930. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998317726366
[29]  Lipczynski, G., Eriksson, I. and Whinnem, E. (2009) Development of Orbital Drilling for the Boeing 787. SAE International Journal of Aerospace, 1, 811-816. https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2317
[30]  Ni, W. (2007) Orbital Drilling of Aerospace Materials. SAE Tech. Paper, 2007-01-3814. https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-3814
[31]  Boehnke, D., Denkena, B. and Dege, J.H. (2008) Helical Milling of CFRP-Titanium Layer Compounds. The CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, 1, 64-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirpj.2008.09.009
[32]  Liu, J., Chen, G., Ji, C., Qin, X., Li, H. and Ren, C. (2014) An Investigation of Workpiece Temperature Variation of Helical Milling for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP). International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 86, 89-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2014.06.008
[33]  Rey, P.A., LeDref, J., Senatore, J. and Landon, Y. (2016) Modelling of Cutting Forces in Orbital Drilling of Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 106, 75-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2016.04.006
[34]  Budak, E., Altintas, Y. and Armarego, E.J.A. (1996) Prediction of Milling Force Coefficients from Orthogonal Cutting Data. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Transactions of the ASME, 118, 216-224. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2831014
[35]  Altintas, Y. (2000) Metal Cutting Mechanics, Machine Tool Vibrations, and CNC Design, Manufacturing Automation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1399383
[36]  Meng, Q.X., Zhang, K.F., Cheng, H., Liu, S.N. and Jiang, S.S. (2015) An Analytical Method for Predicting the Fluctuation of Thrust Force during Drilling of Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics. Journal of Composite Materials, 49, 699-711. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998314525483
[37]  Hosur, M.V., Chowdhury, F. and Jeelani, S. (2007) Low-Velocity Impact Response and Ultrasonic NDE of Woven Carbon/Epoxy—Nanoclay Nanocomposites. Journal of Composite Materials, 41, 2195-2212. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998307074146
[38]  Jong, H. (2006) Transverse Cracking in a Cross-Ply Composite Laminate—Detection in Acoustic Emission and Source Characterization. Journal of Composite Materials, 40, 37-69. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998305053507
[39]  de Albuquerque, Victor Hugo, C., Tavares Joao, M.R.S. and Durão, L.M.P. (2010) Evaluation of Delamination Damages on Composite Plates from Radiographic Image Processing Using an Artificial Neural Network. Journal of Composite Materials, 44, 1139-1159. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998309351244
[40]  Johnson, W., Treasurer, P. and Woodruff, G. (2008) Radiographic Investigation of the Effects of Ply Modification on Damage Development in Laminates Containing Circular Holes. Journal of Composite Materials, 42, 2143-2161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998308094552
[41]  Chen, W. (1997) Some Experimental Investigations in the Drilling of Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) Composite Laminates. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 37, 1097-1108. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-6955(96)00095-8

Full-Text


comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133

WeChat 1538708413