Growth Performance, Gonadal Weight and Fecundity: A Comparative Study of Rastrineobola argetea and Roasted Soybean Meal as Protein Ingredients for Brood Stock African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Uganda
Rastrineobola argetea (fishmeal) was compared to roasted soybean meal as protein ingredients for brood stock African cat fish (Clarias gariepinus) in March 2019 on Geossy farm, Uganda. The fish were observed for growth and reproductive indices. Brood stocks of average weight 327 g were fed on different feeds for a month. Feed A contained soybeans as the sole main protein source. Feed B contained fishmeal as the sole protein source. Feed C was the control (usual farm feeds). Growth indices of B were significantly higher than of A (p = 0.0001, P < 0.05). It is implausible to substitute fishmeal 100% by soybean meal even with heat treatment to remove ant nutritional factors. Fish meal has essential amino acids and fatty acids that are not in soybeans, soybeans can best be used in combination with fishmeal but the most economical ratios need more research. The reproductive indices had no significant differences for feed A, B and control. Replacing fish meal with soybeans had no significant effect on the reproductive indices. Fish meal increases the growth indices and the gonadal weight of Clarias gariepinus, soybean meal is good during brood stock management because it increases fecundity although lighter eggs are observed.
Cite this paper
Muyinda, R. , Emejje, H. F. , Zirintunda, G. , Kasozi, K. I. and Mawadri, A. P. (2021). Growth Performance, Gonadal Weight and Fecundity: A Comparative Study of Rastrineobola argetea and Roasted Soybean Meal as Protein Ingredients for Brood Stock African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Uganda. Open Access Library Journal, 8, e6436. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106436.
Abdel-Warith, A.A., Younis, E.M., Al-Asgah, N.A. and Mahboob, S. (2019) Effect of Replacing Fish Meal by Full Fat Soybean Meal on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization and Gastrointestinal Enzymes in Diets for African Catfish Clarias gariepinus. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 80, 535-543. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.214763
Oni, T.A. and Olaleye, V.O. (2013) Preliminary Studies on Associated Bacteria and Fungal Load of Artificially Cultured. Ife Journal of Science, 15, 9-16.
Amisah, S., Oteng, M. and Ofori, J. (2009) Growth Performance of the African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus, Fed Varying Inclusion Levels of Leucaena leucocephala Leaf Meal. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 13, 21-26.
http://www.bioline.org.br/ja
https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v13i1.55257
Otubusin, S.O., Ogunleye, F.O. and Agbebi, O.T. (2009) Feeding Trials Using Local Protein Sources to Replace Fishmeal in Pelleted Feeds in Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822) Culture. European Journal of Scientific Research, 31, 142-147.
Almazán-Rueda, P., Schrama, J.W. and Verreth, J.A.J. (2004) Behavioural Responses under Different Feeding Methods and Light Regimes of the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Juveniles. Aquaculture, 231, 347-359.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.11.016
Appelbaum, S. and Kamler, E. (2000) Survival, Growth, Metabolism and Behaviour of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Early Stages under Different Light Conditions. Aquacultural Engineering, 22, 269-287.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8609(00)00054-6
Hengsawat, K., Ward, F.J. and Jaruratjamorn, P. (1997) The Effect of Stocking Density on Yield, Growth and Mortality of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822) Cultured in Cages. Aquaculture, 152, 67-76.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00008-2
Hossain, M.A.R., Beveridge, M.C.M. and Haylor, G.S. (1998) The Effects of Density, Light and Shelter on the Growth and Survival of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) Fingerlings. Aquaculture, 160, 251-258.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00250-0
Hecht, T. (2013) A Review of On-Farm Feed Management Practices for North African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Sub-Saharan Africa. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper, 15-24.
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lbh&AN=20143141781&login.asp?custid=magn1307&site=ehost-live&custid=magn1307
Masette, M. and Bamwirire, D. (2013) The Effect of Bleeding on the Quality of Farmed African Catfish in Uganda. Ugandan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 14, 37-44.
Ugwoke (2013) Effects of Supplementation of Fish Meal with Soybean Meal on the Growth and Gonad Development of the African Catfish (Clarias gariapinus). University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Hien, T.T.T., et al. (2018) Dietary Protein Requirement of Bighead Catfish. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 8, 200-205.
https://doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.8.11.2018.p8326
Mohanta, K.N., Subramanian, S. and Korikanthimath, V.S. (2013) Evaluation of Different Animal Protein Sources in Formulating the Diets for Blue Gourami, Trichogaster Trichopterus Fingerlings. Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development, 4, Article ID: 1000164. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000164
Khan, M.A., Jafri, A.K., Chadha, N.K. and Usmani, N. (2003) Growth and Body Composition of Rohu (Labeo rohita) Fed Diets Containing Oilseed Meals: Partial or Total Replacement of Fish Meal with Soybean Meal. Aquaculture Nutrition, 9, 391-396.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2095.2003.00268.x
Mwanja, M.T., Ondhoro, C.C. and Aruho, C. (2016) Guidelines for African Catfish and Nile tilapia Seed Production & Hatchery Management in. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 4, 594-598. http://www.fisheriesjournal.com
James, R. and Sampath, K. (2003) Effect of Animal and Plant Protein Diets on Growth and Fecundity in Ornamental Fish, Betta splendens (Regan). Israeli Journal of Aquaculture—Bamigdeh, 55, 39-52. http://hdl.handle.net/10524/19067
Huntington, T. and Hasan, M.R. (2012) Fish as Feed Inputs for Aquaculture—Prac- tices, Sustainability and Implications: A Global Synthesis. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 518, FAO, Rome, 1-61.
Nwanna, L.C., Omojala, I., Nwanna, E. and Abiodun, E. (2014) Effect of Protein Deficient Diets on the Growth and Carcass Protein Ash Ratio of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 18, 537-541.
Eyo, V.O., Ekanem, A.P. and Jimmy, U.U. (2014) A Comparative Study of the Gonado-Somatic Index (GSI) and Gonad Gross Morphology of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fed Unical Aqua Feed and Coppens Commercial Feed Study Area Formulation, Composition and Preparation of Unical Aqua Feed. Croatian Journal of Fisheries, 72, 63-69. https://doi.org/10.14798/72.2.706
Huynh, H.P.V. and Portfolio, T. (2010) Evaluating the Use of Alternative Proteins in Feed on Growth and Nutrient Utilization of Australian Catfish, Tandanus tandanus with Emphasis on Environmental Contamination. School of Applied Sciences Science, Engineering and Technology Portfolio, Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne.
Bueno, R.D., Borges, L.L., Good God, P.I.V., Piovesan, N.D., Teixeira, A.I., Cruz, C.D. and De Barros, E.G. (2018) Quantification of Anti-Nutritional Factors and Their Correlations with Protein and Oil in Soybeans. Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 90, 205-217. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820140465
Zarate, D.D. and Lovell, R.T. (1997) Free Lysine (L-Lysine HCl) Is Utilized for Growth Less Efficiently than Protein-Bound Lysine (Soybean Meal) in Practical Diets by Young Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquaculture, 159, 87-100.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00184-1
Munguti, J. (2012) Nutritive Value and Availability of Commonly Used Feed Ingredients for Farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) and African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell) in Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzania. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 12, 6135-6155.
Anderson, R.L. (1992) Effects of Steaming on Soybean Proteins and Trypsin Inhibitors. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 69, 1170-1176.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02637675
Liener, I.E. and Tomlinson, S. (1981) Heat Inactivation of Protease Inhibitors in a Soybean Line Lacking the Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor. Journal of Food Science, 46, 1354-1356. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1981.tb04173.x
Peres, H., Lim, C. and Klesius, P.H. (2003) Nutritional Value of Heat-Treated Soybean Meal for Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Aquaculture, 225, 67-82.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00289-8
Ahmed, M., Liang, H., Chisomo, H., Ke, K., Xianping, J., Liu, B., Sun, A., et al. (2019) Complete Replacement of Fish Meal by Plant Protein Ingredients with Dietary Essential Amino Acids Supplementation for Juvenile Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Aquaculture Nutrition, 25, 205-214.
https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.12844
Ali, M.Z. and Jauncey, K. (2005) Approaches to Optimizing Dietary Protein to Energy Ratio for African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Aquaculture Nutrition, 11, 95-101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2004.00325.x
Andrus, P., Shibabrata, N. and Samarendra, N.C. (1992) Manual on Seed Production of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus).
http://www.fao.org/3/AC378E/AC378E00.htm
Haniffa, M.A.K. and Sridhar, S. (2002) Induced Spawning of Spotted Murrel (Channa punctatus) and Catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) Using Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Synthetic Hormone (Ovaprim). Veterinarski Arhiv, 72, 51-56.
Abubakar, M.Y. and Ipinjolu, J. (2019) Spawning Performance of Heterobranchus bidorsalis in Sokoto Dry Sub Humid Nigeria Using Ovaprim C and Ovatide Hormones. Asian Journal of Emerging Research, 1, 141-153.
Dadebo, E., Gebre-Mariam, Z. and Mengistou, S. (2011) Breeding Season, Maturation, Fecundity and Condition Factor of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822 (Pisces: Clariidae) in Lake Chamo, Ethiopia. Journal of Biological Sciences, 10, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v32i1.67765
Degani, G., Ben-Zvi, Y. and Levanon, D. (1989) The Effect of Different Protein Levels and Temperatures on Feed Utilization, Growth and Body Composition of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Aquaculture, 76, 293-301.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(89)90082-3
Yang, S., Lin, T., Liu, F. and Liou, C. (2009) Dietary Effects of Fermented Soybean Meal on Growth Performance, Body Composition and Hematological Characteristics of Silver Perch (Bidyanus bidyanus). Journal of Taiwan Fisheries Research, 17, 53-63.
Goda, A.M., El-Haroun, E.R. and Kabir Chowdhury, M.A. (2007) Effect of Totally or Partially Replacing Fish Meal by Alternative Protein Sources on Growth of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Reared in Concrete Tanks. Aquaculture Research, 38, 279-287. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01663.x
Ajani, E.K., Orisasona, O., Omitoyin, B.O. and Osho, E.F. (2016) Total Replacement of Fishmeal by Soybean Meal with or without Methionine Fortification in the Diets of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 11, 238-243. https://doi.org/10.3923/jfas.2016.238.243
Fakunmoju, F. (2014) Breadwaste as a Dietary Supplement for Maize in the Practical Diets of African Giant Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822) Fingerlings. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 7, 89-92.
https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-07158992
Çek, Ş. and Yilmaz, E. (2009) The Effect of Varying Dietary Energy on Gonad Development at First Sexual Maturity of the Sharptooth Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822). Aquaculture International, 17, 553-563.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-008-9224-4
Nyina-wamwiza, L., Milla, S., Pierrard, M.A., Rurangwa, E., Mandiki, S.N.M., Van Look, K.J.W. and Kestemont, P. (2012) Partial and Total Fish Meal Replacement by Agricultural Products in the Diets Improve Sperm Quality in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Theriogenology, 77, 184-194.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.07.032
Romanova, E.M., Lyubomirova, V.N., Romanov, V.V., Mukhitova, M.E. and Shlenkina, T.M. (2018) Seasonal Studies of Caviar Production and the Growth Rate of the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822). Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 44, 315-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejar.2018.09.005
Kubiriza, G.K., Ssempijja, D., Mubiru, E., Semwanga, N., Odoli, C.O., Zalwango, J. and Masette, M. (2020) Oxidative Stability and Proximate Composition of Silver Cyprinid (Rastrineobola argentea) Used for Fishmeal in East Africa. Journal of Applied Aquaculture. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2020.1727808
Izquierdo, M.S. (2001) Effect of Broodstock Nutrition on Reproductive Performance of Fish. Aquaculture, 197, 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00581-6
Effiong, M.U., Akpan, W. and Ayotunde, E. (2014) Effect of Feeding Different Dietary Protein Levels on Reproductive Biology of African Mud Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Journal of Aquatic Resources, 29. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jas/index
Barua, P. (2011) Proximate Composition of Egg, Stomach Content and Body Composition of Pacu (Piaractus brachypomus) Collected from Aquatic Environment of Bangladesh. Current Biotica, 5, 330-343. http://www.currentbiotica.com
Ekanem, A.P., Eyo, V.O., Udoh, J.O. and Udo, N.E. (2013) Effects of Unical Feed on Fecundity and Gonad Development of Clarias gariepinus; a Comparative Study with Coppens Commercial Feed in Earthen Pond. International Journal of Science and Research, 2, 8-14.
Eyo, J.E. and Mgbenka, B. (1992) Aspects of the Biology of Clarias gariepinus in Anambra River Basin. 1. Oocyte Diameter, Fecundity and Sex Ratio. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2, 47-51.
