Emotional priming extends the priming paradigm to the field of emotion, which not only deepens the traditional priming paradigm, but also promotes the experimental study of emotion. There is a new development of automatic activation of unconscious emotions and attitudes, that is, the subjects did not know that the priming stimulus had been presented. His research is of great significance in promoting the research of attitude in the field of emotion and social cognition. As a new extension of the research paradigm of unconscious emotional priming, the paper mainly discusses the contribution of this research paradigm to the field of emotion and social cognition, the existing problems and the future research direction.
Cite this paper
Chen, J. , Chen, H. , Ma, L. and Jiang, Y. (2020). A Review of Studies on Unconscious Emotional Priming. Open Access Library Journal, 7, e6284. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106284.
Bargh, J.A. and Pietromornaco, P. (1982) Automatic Information Processing and Social Perception: The Influence of Trait Information Presented Outside of Conscious Awareness on Impression Formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 437-449. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.43.3.437
Ohman, A. and Soares, J.J.F. (1994) Unconscious Anxiety: Phobic Response to Mask Stimuli. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 231-240.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.103.2.231
Winkielman, P. and Berridge, K.C. (2004) Unconscious Emotion. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 120-123.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00288.x
Wiens, S. and ？hman, A. (2002) Unawareness Is More than a Chance Event: Comment on Lovibond and Shanks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 28, 27-31. https://doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.28.1.27
Enns, J.T. and di Lollo, V. (2000) What’s New in Visual Masking? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 345-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01520-5
Hendler, T., Rotshtein, P., Yeshurun, Y., Weizmann, T., Kahn, I., Ben-Bashat, D. and Bleich, A. (2003) Sensing the Invisible: Differential Sensitivity of Visual Cortex and Amygdala to Traumatic Context. NeuroImage, 19, 587-600.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00141-1
Pessoa, L., Japee, S. and Ungerleider, L.G. (2005) Visual Awareness and the Detection of Fearful Faces. Emotion, 5, 243-247.
https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.5.2.243
Greenwald, A.G. and Klinger, M. (1995) Activation by Marginally Perceptible (“Subliminal”) Stimuli: Dissociation of Unconscious from Conscious Cognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124, 22-24.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.124.1.22
Murphy, S.T. and Zaione, R.B. (1993) Affect, Cognition and Awareness: Affective Priming with Sub Optimal and Optimal Stimulus. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 123-139.
Dosher, B.A. (1998) The Response-Window Regression Method-Some Problematic Assumptions: Comment on Draine and Greenwald.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.127.3.311
Klinger, M.R., Burton, P.C. and Pitts, G.S. (2000) Mechanism of Unconscious Priming I. Response Competition, Not Spreading Activation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26, 441-455.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.26.2.441
Houwer, J.D. and Eelen, P. (1998) An Affective Variant of the Simon Paradigm. Cognition and Emotion, 12, 45-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999398379772
Niedenthal, P.M., Kitayama, S. and Bruner, J.S．(1994) The View from the Heart’s Eye Emotional Influences in Perception and Attention. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 269-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-410560-7.50018-1
Panksepp, J. (2010) Affective Consciousness in Animals: Perspectives on Dimensional and Primary Process Emotion Approaches. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 277, 2905-2907. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1017
Windmann, S. and Kutas, M. (2001) Electrophysiological Correlates of Emotion Induced Recognition Bias. Journal Cognitive Neuroscience, 13, 877-891.
https://doi.org/10.1162/089892901750363172
Mandal, M.K., Jain, A.H., Nizamie, S., et al. (1999) Generality and Specificity of Emotion-Recognition Deficit in Schizophrenic Patients with Positive and Negative Symptoms. Psychiatric Research, 87, 39-46.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1781(99)00047-5
Wentura, D. (2000) Dissociative Affective and Associative Printing Effects in the Lexical Decision Task: Yes versus No Responses to Word Targets Reveal Evaluative Judgment Tendencies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26, 456-496. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.26.2.456
Challis, H. and Krane, R.B. (1993) Affect Cognition, and Awareness: Affective Priming with Sub Optimal and Optimal Stimulus. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 723-739. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.5.723
Macleod, C. and Mathews. A. (1991) Biased Cognitive Operations in Anxiety Accessibility of Information or Assignment of Processing Priorities. Behavior Research and Therapy, 29, 599-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(91)90009-R
Mathews, A., Mogg, K., May, J.I. and Evseck, M. (1998) Implicit and Explicit and Explicit Memory Bias in Anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, 236-240.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.98.3.236
Jennifer, L.M. and Cynthia, E.Z. (1999) Intensifying the Dominant Response: Participant-Observer Differences and Nonconscious Effects. Communication Research, 18, 371-388.
