The appearance and diffusion of antibiotic resistance are at the moment seen as an inevitable characteristic of bacterial development succeeding the consumption of antibiotics. This spectacular event is completely clarified by the link present among the manifestation of resistances and the consumption of antibiotics. In terms of mechanisms, the augmenting appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) has been largely assigned to the selection of resistant variants that pre-exist in sensitive communities. Lately, Merlin [1] published an excellent review on the secondary influences of antibiotics at sub-inhibitory levels and trace metal elements, which obviously call attention to the reality that the antibiotic resistance danger has not to be related to the only antibiotic therapy applications, and must to some extent be viewed as a multifactorial issue where co-selection and stimulation of horizontal gene transfer as well completely applies. This work focuses on the main conclusions of Merlin [1] report. More in-depth epidemiological investigations have to let defining the range of these secondary impacts outside the scene of a Petri dish and may interpret why many antibiotic resistances run away any decrease of presence while lowering the corresponding antibiotic consumption. In addition, defining thoroughly which antibiotic molecules manifest secondary influences, and at which levels, would be a supplementary stage toward antibiotic hazard evaluation, whether for therapeutic applications or for the impact of antibiotics once liberated in the downstream mediums.
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