The Extract Obtained from Two Radish Cultivars (Raphanus sativus L. and Raphanus sativus L. var. radikula) Using Liquid Nitrogen Is Germination of Sterile Oats (Avena sterilis Subsp. sterilis) and Allelopathic Effect on Seedling Growth
The purpose of this study is to determine the allelopathic effects of extracts obtained by using liquid nitrogen from the plant of Antep radish (Raphanus sa-tivus L.) and little radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. radikula) on germination and seedling growth of sterile oats. The experiments were carried out in six groups with root, stem and root stem mixed extracts of radish plants (Antep and little radish). A novel method that we developed based on the principle of liquid nitrogen crushing was used for extraction. According to this method, Antep radish and little radish plant parts were frozen with liquid nitrogen aid and then crushed to powder. These powders obtained were stored at ？20？C for nine months until the experiments were established. The aqueous solutions prepared at specific concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, 16%) from the ob-tained radish powders were applied as 5 ml to per each petri dishes contain 10 seeds on Whatman No: 1 double layer filter paper. Experiments were carried out in six replicates for each concentration. The prepared petri dishes were kept in the incubator at 15？C for 15 days. At the end of the experimental period, the number of germination of the seeds of sterile wild oat plant was evaluated by measuring the length of seedling root and stem. As a result, as the concentra-tion of allelopathic solutions increased in all experimental groups, the number of germination and root and stem lengths of sterile wild oats decreased. Alt-hough allelopathic effects in all three experimental groups were observed in terms of germination number and seedling lengths, the most significant effects were observed in the results of Antep radish root experiments. In this experi-ment group, the inhibition rate of root and stem length of weed seeds at a con-centration of 16% were 86% and 82%, respectively, when compared to the control. In addition, the germination number was reduced by 74.36% in the seeds at the highest concentration compared to the control. As a result of the study, it was determined that samples of radish plant crushed with liquid nitro-gen were stored for a long time and showed high allelopathic effect on sterile wild oats plant.
Cite this paper
Sisek, D. , Turkseven, S. and Topal, S. (2019). The Extract Obtained from Two Radish Cultivars (Raphanus sativus L. and Raphanus sativus L. var. radikula) Using Liquid Nitrogen Is Germination of Sterile Oats (Avena sterilis Subsp. sterilis) and Allelopathic Effect on Seedling Growth. Open Access Library Journal, 6, e5561. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1105561.
Latif, S., Chiapusio, G. and Weston, L.A. (2017) Allelopathy and the Role of Allelochemicals in Plant Defence. In: Advances in Bo-tanical Research, Vol. 82, Academic Press, Cambridge, 19-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.abr.2016.12.001
Xuan, T.D., Tsuzuki, E., Tawata, S. and Khanh, T.D. (2004) Methods to Determine Allelopathic Potential of Crop Plants for Weed Control. Allelopathy Journal, 13, 149-164.
Uremis, I., Arslan, M. and Uludag, A. (2005) Allelopathic Effects of Some Brassica Species on Germination and Growth of Cutleaf Ground-Cherry (Physlis angulata L.). Journal of Biological Sciences, 5, 661-665. https://doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2005.661.665
Turk, M.A. and Tawaha, A.M. (2002) Inhibitory Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Black Mustard on Germination and Growth of Lentil. Journal of Agronomy, 1, 28-30. https://doi.org/10.3923/ja.2002.28.30
Turk, M.A. and Tawaha, A.M. (2003) Allelopathic Effect of Black Mustard (Brassica nigra L.) on Germination and Growth of Wild Oat (Avena fatua L.). Crop Protection, 22, 673-677. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00241-7
Fahey, J.W., Zalemann, A.T. and Talalay, P. (2001) The Chemical Diversity and Distribution of Glucosinolates and Isothiocyanates among Plants. Phytochemistry, 56, 5-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00316-2
Bohinc, T., Goreta Ban, S., Ban, D. and Trdan, S. (2012) Glucosinolates in Plant Protection Strategies. Archives of Biological Sciences, 64, 821-828. https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS1203821B
Petersen, J., Belz, R., Walker, F. and Hurle, K. (2001) Weed Suppression by Re-lease of Isothiocyanates from Turniprape Mulch. Agronomy Journal, 93, 37-43. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2001.93137x
Bones, A.M. and Ross？ter, J.T. (1996) The Myrosinase-Glucosinolate System, Its Organisation and Biochemistry. Physiologia Plantarum, 97, 194-208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb00497.x
Arslan, M., Uremis, I. and Uludag, A. (2005) Determining Bio-Herbicidal Potential Rapeseed, Radish and Turnip Extracts on Germination Inhibition of Cutleaf Ground-Cherry (Physalis angulata L.) Seeds. Agronomy Journal, 4, 134-137. https://doi.org/10.3923/ja.2005.134.137
Uremis, I., Ahmet, M., Uludag, A. and Sangun, M. (2009) Allelopathic Potential of Residue of 6 Brassica Species on Johnsongrass [Sorghum haplense (L.) Pers.]. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8, 3497-3501.
De Moraes Gomes, M., Bertoncelli, D.J., Alves, G.A.C., Freiria, G.H., Furlan, F.F., Gomes, G.R., Favoretto, V.R., Neto, H.F.I., Omura, M.S. and De Souza, J.R.P. (2017) Allelopathic Potential of the Aqueous Extract of Raphanus sativus L. on the Germination of Beans and Corn Seeds. Open Access Library Journal, 4, 1. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1103590
Sodaeizadeh, H., Rafieiolhossaini, M., Havlik, J. and Van Damme, P. (2009) Allelopathic Activity of Different Plant Parts of Peganum harmala L. and Identification of Their Growth Inhibitors Substances. Plant Growth Regulation, 59, 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-009-9408-6
Uremis, I., Arslan, M. and Uludag, A. (2009) Investigations of Allelopathic Effects of Some Radish and Turnip Extracts on Weeds. III. Plant Protection Congress, Van, 15-18 July 2009, 279 p.
