The plants synthetize a
big quantity of chemically diverse compounds, which discharged into the
environment influence in a decisive manner in the species dynamics that form
the agroecosystems, phenomenon denominated allelopathy. The study had the aim of the evaluation of allelopathic effects of turnip
aqueous extract under beans and corn seeds. The experimental design was
completely randomized with five treatments (concentrations of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of raw extract)
and four repetitions. The
gross extract was prepared through the mixture of 50 g of turnips aerial part
fresh mass in 450 mL of cold distilled water and then blended in a blender. The
mixture was kept in rest in absence of light for 24 hours at 25℃ for posterior
filtration and dilution of concentrations. They were evaluated the percentage of germination and
the germination velocity index in Germitest paper rolls dampened with the
extract or distilled water, according to the treatments and each roll was
distributed 50 seeds, kept in germination chamber at 25℃ ± 3℃ and 12 hours of photoperiod. At the end of
seven (corn) and nine (beans) days, the root length (RL) and the aerial part
(APL) were evaluated, and after drying in a hothouse (50℃), the dry mass of root system (DMR) and
aerial part (DMAP) was determined, by the measure of 20 plantlets of each
treatment. The results were submitted to an analysis of variance by F test and,
when there was statistical significance, it was made the regression analysis test. For the
realization of the statistical analysis, the ASSISTAT software was used. The
turnip aqueous extract affected negatively the germination and initial
development of bean and corn plantlets.
Cite this paper
Gomes, M. D. M. , Bertoncelli, D. J. , Alves, G. A. C. , Freiria, G. H. , Furlan, F. F. , Gomes, G. R. , Favoretto, V. R. , Neto, H. F. I. , Omura, M. S. and Souza, J. R. P. D. (2017). Allelopathic Potential of the Aqueous Extract of Raphanus sativus L. on the Germination of Beans and Corn Seeds. Open Access Library Journal, 4, e3590. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1103590.
Crusciol, C.A.C., Cottica, R.L., Lima, E.V.,
Andreotti, M., Moro, E. and Marcon, E. (2005)
Persistence and Nutrients Release of Forage Turnip Straw Utilized as Mul-ching
in No-Tillage Crop System. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 40, 161-168. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2005000200009
Amado, T.J.C.,
Mielniczuk, J. and Vezzani, F.M. (2002) New Recommendation of Nitrogen
Fertilization for No-Till
Corn in Rs and Sc, Adapted to the Use of Soil Co- ver
Crops. Revista Plantio Direto, 2, 30-34.
Nóbrega, L.H.P., Lima, G.P.D., Martins, G.I. and
Menhghetti, A.M. (2009) Soybean (Glycine max L.
Merrill) Seed
Germination and Plantlet Growth under Vegetation Cover. Acta Scientiarum Agronomy, 31, 461-465.
Weir,
T.L., Park, S.W. and Vivanco,
J.M. (2004)
Biochemical and Physiological Me- chanisms Mediated by Allelochemicals. Current
Opinion in Plant Biology, 7, 472- 479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2004.05.007
Abboud, A.C.S. and Duque, F.F. (1986) Effects
of Application of Organic Matters and qe Vermiculite Ln Bean-Maize-Bean
Rotation. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 21, 227-236.
Chou,
C.H. (2006) Introduction
to Allelopathy. In: Reigosa,
M.J.,
Pedrol, N.
and Gonzalez,
L.,
Eds., Allelopathy: A Physiological Process with Ecological Implications, Springer,
Dordrecht, Holanda, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4280-9_1
Moraes, P.V.D., Agostinetto, D., Panozzo, L.E., Galon, L.,
Oliveira, C. and Dal Magro, T. (2012) Allelopathic Potential of Aqueous
Extracts of Cover Crops on Thegermination and Development of Bidens
pilosa. Semina:
Ciências Agrárias, 33, 1299-1314. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2012v33n4p1299
Brasil.
Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (2009) Rules for Seed Analysis. Ministério
da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Secretaria
de Defesa Agropecuária, Brasília, MAPA/ACS, 395 p.
Wardle, D.A.,
Ahmed, M. and Nicholson, K.S. (1991) Allelopathic Influence of Nodding Thistle
(Carduus nutans L.)
Seed on Germination and Radicle Growth of Pasture Plants. New Zealand Journal
Agricultural Research, 34, 185-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1991.10423358
Araújo, é.O., Santana, C.N. and Espírito Santo, C.L.
(2011) Alellopathic Potential of Vegetable Extracts of Crotalaria Juncea on
Germination of Cornand Beans. Revista
Brasileira de Agroecologia, 6, 108-116.
Souza
Filho, A.P.S. (2002) Potential Allelopathic Activity in Hydroalcoholic and Raw
Extracts of Canavalia ensiformis. Planta Daninha, 20, 357-364. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582002000300005
Santos, J.C.F., Souza, I.D., Mendes, A.N.G., Morais, A.D.,
Conceicao, H.D. and
Marinho, J.T.S. (2002) Effect of Extracts of Coffee Husks and Rice on Emergence
and Growth of Caruru-de-Mancha. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 37,
783-790. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2002000600007
González, H.R., Mederos, D.M. and Sosa, I.H. (2002) Allelopathic Effects
of Remains of Different Species of Medicinal Plants on Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under Laboratory
Conditions. Revista Cubana de Plantas
Medicinales, 7, 67-72.
Politycka,
B. and Gmerek, J. (2008) Effect of
Ferulic and Pcoumaricacidson the Activity of Hydrolytic Enzymes and Growth of
Radicals in Germinating Seeds of Cucumber and Pea. Allelopthy Journal, 21, 227-238.
Sousa,
R.O. and Bortolon, L. (2002)Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Roots
and Shoots Growth and Nutrients Uptake on Nutrient Solution with
Different Acetic Acid Concentrations. Revista Brasileira de Agrociência, 8, 231-235.
Faria,
T.M., Gomes Jr.,
F.G., Sáll, M.E. and Cassiolato, A.M.R. (2009) Allelopathic Effects of Plant
Aqueous Extractson Germination, Mycorrhization and Initial Growth
of Corn, Soybean and Bean. Revista
Brasileira de Ciências do Solo, 33, 1625-1633. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832009000600011
Pires, N.D.M., Souza, I.R.P., Prates, H.T., Faria, T.D.,
Pereira Filho, I.A. and Magalhaes,
P.C. (2001)
Effect of Leucaena Aqueous Extract on the Development, Mito- tic
Index and Peroxidase
Activity in Maize Seedlings. Revista Brasileira
de Fisiologia Vegetal, 13, 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-31312001000100007
Carvalho, C.A., Silva, M.B., Oliveira, T.G.,
Lima, J.M. and Rosa, M.B. (2008)
Spectrometric Study at Different Phenologic Stages of the Cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var. capitata). Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 18,
249-257. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2008000200020
Rizzardi, M.A., Neves, R., Lamb, T.D. and Johann, L.B.
(2008) Allelopathic Potential of Canola Crop (Brassica napus L.
var. oleifera) on Suppression of Hairy Beggarticks (Bidens sp.) and Soybean. Revista
Brasileira Agrociência, 14, 239-248.
Petersen,
J., Belz, R., Walker, F. and Hurle,
K. (2001) Weed Supression by Release of Isothiocyanates from Turnip-Rape Mulch. Agronomy Journal, 93, 37-43. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2001.93137x