Background: Cholera is a very old endemo-epidemic disease linked to the con-ditions of defective hygiene. It is a public health problem, mainly in Africa and Asia. Aim: The purpose of this preliminary study was to determine the level of knowledge of the population in relation to the factors favoring the endemicity and epidemicity of cholera among the exposed populations. Methods: This is a prospective, descriptive cross-sectional and analytical study. Interviewing and document analysis techniques were used in the different strata over the three-month period, from April to June 2016. Results: The profile of the re-spondents was mostly male (56.7%) aged over 30 years (61.2%), farmers (40.9%) or fishermen (26.1%) with a low level of instruction. The mean age was 32.1 ± 2.3 years with extremes ranking from 18 to 57 years. This study revealed that the main factors contributing to endemicity and epidemicity persistence of cholera were the low level of education, the environmental proximity with rivers and Lake Tanganyika, the incorrect habits of the population to think of the mystic in the genesis of cholera cases disease, low level of mobilization for cholera control, poor knowledge of the pathways of transmission of cholera, poor treatment of drinking water and the large consumption of inadequate wa-ter, knowledge of the critical moments of handwashing, the low use of soap or ash when washing hands, the large proportion of plots without latrines or with unhygienic latrines, poor management of household waste, poor organization of placement sessions at the level of cholera, poor knowledge of the means available to fight against cholera, poor management of faecal peril and poor general hygiene conditions. Conclusion: The conditions of poor knowledge of cholera and of deficient hygiene combined in our environment are favorable to the endemicity and sometimes the occurrence of cholera epidemics. Efforts should be made in relation to the improvement of hygiene conditions (individual and collective), communication for behavioral change and education of the population in the fight against cholera. The tree of solution to the problems of cholera encountered in this study (in Appendix) may be the model to follow.
Cite this paper
Kabemba, B. , Ntambwe, A. , Yamutalua, S. , Prince, K. , Yuma, G. A. , Micheline, N. , Lupueka, P. , Ngoyi, E. , Selemani, R. , Martine, K. and Pierre, M. J. (2018). Why the Endemoepidemicity Persistence of Cholera in Moba (DR. of Congo)? Preliminary Study in the Health Area of Regeza in 2016. Open Access Library Journal, 5, e3500. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1103500.
Harris, J.B., La Rocque, R.C., Charles, R.C., Mazumder, R.N., Khan, A.I. and Bardhan, P.K. (2010) Cholera’s Western Front. The Lancet, 376, 1961-1965. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62172-1
Orish, V.N. (2015) Economic Burden of Infectious Diseases and Benefit of Control and Prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa. Open Access Library Journal, 2, e2138. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1102138
Traore, O.M. (2008) Epidemiological Aspects of Cholera in the Kayes Health District (Kayes Region): June to December 2005 [Aspects épidémiologiques du choléra dans le district sanitaire de Kayes (Région de Kayes): De juin à décembre 2005]. Thèse médecine FMPOS, Université de Bamako, Bamako, 21-46.
Jameel, S.K., Shafek, M.A., Abdulmohsen, A.M., Mohamed, N.S., Naji, S.R. and Mohammed, T.T. (2016) The Isolation of Vibrio choler and Other Enteric Bacteria with Molecular Characterization of Vibrio cholera during the Outbreak of Baghdad/Iraq in 2015. Advances in Microbiology, 6, 699-715. https://doi.org/10.4236/aim.2016.69069
Kumar, M. and Sharma, V.L. (2014) Outbreak Investigation of Cholera in a Slum of Northern India. Open Journal of Epidemiology, 4, 243-247. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojepi.2014.44031
Shapiro, R.L., Otieno, M.R., Adcock, P.M., Phillips-Howard, P.A., Hawley, W.A., et al. (1999) Transmission of epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1 in Rural Western Kenya Associated with Drinking Water from Lake Victoria: An Environmental Reservoir for Cholera? The American Journal of Tropical Medicine Hygiene, 60, 271-276. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.271
Taylor, D.L., Kahawita, T.M., Cairncross, S. and Ensink, J.H.J. (2015) The Impact of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Interventions to Control Cholera: A Systematic Review. PLoS ONE, 10, e0135676. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135676
Aubry, P. and Gauzere, B.-A. (2015) Cholera: Actualités 2015, Médicine Tropicale-Dipl？me de Médecine tropicale des pays de l’océan Indien. 1-7 October 2015.
Mamady, K. and Mafoule, S. (2014) Cholera in Guinea: The Implication for Safe Water Sources and Sanitations. Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, 4, 535-544. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2014.47064
Constantin de Magny, G.C., Thiaw, W., Kumar, V., Manga, N.M., Diop, B.M., et al. (2012) Cholera Outbreak in Senegal in 2005: Was Climate a Factor? PLoS ONE, 7, e44577. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044577
Tran, N.-T., Taylor, R., Antierens, A. and Staderinim, N. (2015) Cholera in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Fetal, Neonatal, and Maternal Mortality. PLoS ONE, 10, e0132920. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132920
Liu, L., Johnson, H.L., Cousens, S., Perin, J., Scott, S., Lawn, J.E., et al. (2012) Global, Regional, and National Causes of Child Mortality: An Updated Systematic Analysis for 2010 with Time Trends since 2000. The Lancet, 379, 2151-2161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60560-1
Ngaha, K.L. (2015) Epidemiological Aspects of Cholera in Mali: About 913 Cases Recorded in the Region of Ségou, Koulikoro, Mopti from 14 August to 30 November 2003 [Aspects épidémiologiques du choléra au Mali: A propos de 913 cas enregistres dans la région de Ségou, Koulikoro, Mopti du 14 Ao？t au 30 novembre 2003]. Thèse de Médecine, FMPOS, Université de Bamako, Bamako, 46-62.
PIarroux, R. (2002) Cholera: Epidemiology and Transmission, an Experience Drawn from Several Humanitarian Interventions in Central Africa, the Indian Ocean and the Central American [Le choléra: Epidémiologie et transmission, expérience tirée de plusieurs interventions humanitaires réalisées en Afrique centrale, dans l’océan indien et en Américain centrale]. Bulletin de la Sociétéde Pathologie Exotique, 95, 345-350.
Mitze, D., Podovic, T. and Blako, P.A. (1994) Vibrio cholerae and Cholera: Molecular to Global Perspective. American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, 57-63.
Check Abdoula, N., Cruance, L., Aubry, P., Simon. B. and Gauzene, B.-A. (2010) Cholera Outbreak in the Comoros in 2007: A New Approach to Compensation [Epidémie de choléra de 2007 aux Comores: Un nouveau pas vers l’indemnisation]. Médecine Tropicale, 70, 307-308.
Rakot Alison, A.O., Dromigny, J.A., Pister, P. and Mauriciere, P. (2001) Vibrio cholera in Madagascar: Study of a Multi-Resistance Strain [Vibrio cholera à Madagascar: Etude d’une souche multi résistance]. Archives de l’Institut Pasteur Madagascar, 67, 6-13.
Ndour, C.T., Manga, N.M., Ka, R., Diabadiane, N.M., Fortez, L., Seydi, M., et al. (2006) The 2004 Cholera Epidemic in Dakar: Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects [L’épidémie de choléra de 2004 à Dakar: Aspects épidémiologique, clinique et thérapeutique]. Médecine Tropicale, 66, 33-38.
Derraji, S., Mouketou Mahila, J., Baite, A. and Cherrah, Y. (2013) Observance of Hand Hygiene [L’observance de l’hygiène des mains]. Maroc Médical, 35, 286-290.
Fleming, C.A., Caron, D., Gunn, J.E., Horine, M.S., Matyas, B.T. and Barry, M.A. (2000) An Outbreak of Shigella sonnei Associated with a Recreational Spray Fountain. American Journal of Public Health, 90, 1641-1642. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.90.10.1641
Deen, J.L., Von Seidlein, L., Sur, D., Agtini, M., Lucas, M.E.S., Lopez, A.L., et al. (2008) The High Burden of Cholera in Children: Comparison of Incidence from Endemic Areas in Asia and Africa. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2, e173. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000173
Ngoy, K.C., Kasongo, M.J., Kalonji, L.R., Atiya, M.C., Buntu, K.B. and Monga, B.B. (2015) Gestion d’eau dans les ménages de la cité de Kamina (Cas de l’aire de santé quartier 52). Annales de l’Université de Kamina, 14, 41-54.
